The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interactivity: a concept explication
Abstract
The use of interactivity as a variable in empirical investigations has dramatically increased with the emergence of new communication channels such as the world wide web. Though many scholars have employed the concept in analyses, theoretical and operational definitions are exceedingly scattered and incoherent. Accordingly, the purpose of this project is to engender a detailed explication of interactivity that could bring some consensus to how the concept should be theoretically and operationally defined. Following Chaffee’s (1991) framework for concept explication, we generate new theoretical and operational definitions that may be central to future work in this area. In particular, we suggest that interactivity is both a media and psychological factor that varies across communication technologies, communication contexts, and people’s perceptions.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Third-order dependency translates as a relationship between exchanged messages, i.e. reference to earlier transmissions.This condition adds the requirement for an exchange of information, e.g.communication.”
From Do We Need Real-Time Hermeneutics? Structures of Meaning in Games (2011) · cites this paper as Kiousis (2002, 372)
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, scholars have pointed out that interactive experiences do not always have to be 'fast' or in 'real time', as seen in the example of email.”
From Do We Need Real-Time Hermeneutics? Structures of Meaning in Games (2011) · cites this paper as Kiousis (2002, 369)
In the citing paper
“Kiousis (2002, 372) gives a similar definition, but adds two elements, third-order dependency and human experience:”
From Do We Need Real-Time Hermeneutics? Structures of Meaning in Games (2011) · cites this paper as Kiousis (2002, 372)
Citations
Cites
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x · Cited by 50,387
Norman, D. A. (2016) · Vahlen eBooks · doi:10.15358/9783800648108 · Cited by 6,415
Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations
Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1996) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1251841 · Cited by 5,740
The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Rheingold, H. (1994) · Cited by 5,655
Designing the user interface: Strategies for effective human-computer interaction
(1993) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(93)90471-k · Cited by 5,592
Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x · Cited by 5,459
At the Heart of It All: The Concept of Presence
Lombard, M., & Ditton, T. B. (2006) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x · Cited by 4,021
Hamlet on the holodeck: the future of narrative in cyberspace
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1342 · Cited by 2,780
Drüke, H. (1986) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-95522-7_29 · Cited by 1,279
DeRose, D. J., & LAUREL, B. K. (1993) · TDR/The Drama Review · doi:10.2307/1146303 · Cited by 1,252
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- Aldersey-Williams, H., 1996, Technology Review, 99, 34
- Chaffee, S. H., 1991, Communication Concepts 1: Explication
- Durlak, J.T, 1987, Communication Yearbook 10, 743
- Dyson, E., 1993, Computerworld, 27, 33
- Finn, T. A., International Communication Association
- Heeter, C., 1989, Media Use in the Information Age: Emerging Patterns of Adoption and Computer Use, 217
- Hutheesing, N., 1993, Forbes, 244
- Jensen, J. F., 1998, Nordicom Review, 19, 185
- Keltner, J.W, 1973, Elements of Interpersonal Communication
- Kenney, K., 2000, First Monday Journal
- McQuail, D., 1994, Mass Communication Theory
- Rafaeli, S., International Communication Association annual convention
- Rafaeli, S., 1994, ‘Project H Technical Report’
- Reeves, B., 1996, The Media Equation
- Sims, R., 1995, Instructional Technology Research Online
- Sundar, S. S., Sociology and Social Psychology section at the 21st General Assembly and Scientific Conference of the International Association for Media and Communication Research
- Turkle, S., 1984, The Second Self
- Wiener, N., 1948, Cybernetics
- Wu, G., Annual Conference of the American Academy of Advertising in Albuquerque
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yim, M. Y.-C., Chu, S.-C., & Sauer, P. L. (2017) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2017.04.001 · Cited by 1,142
INTERNET USES AND GRATIFICATIONS: A Structural Equation Model of Interactive Advertising
Ko, H., Cho, C.-H., & Roberts, M. S. (2005) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2005.10639191 · Cited by 954
Investigating the impact of social media advertising features on customer purchase intention
Alalwan, A. A. (2018) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.06.001 · Cited by 911
Determinants of Perceived Web Site Interactivity
Song, J. H., & Zinkhan, G. M. (2008) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.72.2.99 · Cited by 665
Designing Effective Web Surveys
Couper, M. P. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499371 · Cited by 472
Kümpel, A. S., Karnowski, V., & Keyling, T. (2015) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305115610141 · Cited by 514
Javornik, A. (2016) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2016.1174726 · Cited by 476
Yus, F. (2011) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.213 · Cited by 627
Thorson, K., & Rodgers, S. (2006) · Journal of Interactive Advertising · doi:10.1080/15252019.2006.10722117 · Cited by 365
Generating brand awareness in Online Social Networks
Barreda, A. A., Bilgihan, A., Nusair, K., & Okumuş, F. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.023 · Cited by 341
Hanaysha, J. R. (2022) · International Journal of Information Management Data Insights · doi:10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100102 · Cited by 548
Ksiazek, T. B., Peer, L., & Lessard, K. (2014) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444814545073 · Cited by 322
Interactivity in Society: Locating an Elusive Concept
Bucy, E. P. (2004) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972240490508063 · Cited by 305
Weber, P. (2014) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444813495165 · Cited by 302
Gaming at a LAN event: the social context of playing video games
Jansz, J., & Martens, L. (2005) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444805052280 · Cited by 285
The Emotional Appeal of Violent Video Games for Adolescent Males
Jansz, J. (2005) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00334.x · Cited by 294
Children and video games: addiction, engagement, and scholastic achievement.
Skoric, M. M., Teo, L. L. C., & Neo, R. L. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2009.0079 · Cited by 270
Kim, S. J., Wang, R. J.-H., & Malthouse, E. C. (2015) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2015.05.004 · Cited by 285
Behm‐Morawitz, E., & Mastro, D. E. (2009) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9683-8 · Cited by 252
Chung, D. S. (2008) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00414.x · Cited by 234
Designing Transparency for Effective Human-AI Collaboration
Vössing, M., Kühl, N., Lind, M., & Satzger, G. (2022) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-022-10284-3 · Cited by 304
The Lara Phenomenon: Powerful Female Characters in Video Games
Jansz, J., & Martis, R. G. (2007) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9158-0 · Cited by 220
Bucher, H.-J., & Schumacher, P. (2006) · Communications · doi:10.1515/commun.2006.022 · Cited by 195
The Effect of Interactivity on Learning Physical Actions in Virtual Reality
Bailenson, J. N., Patel, K., Nielsen, A., Bajscy, R., Jung, S.-H., & Kurillo, G. (2008) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260802285214 · Cited by 190
Augmented reality (AR) app use in the beauty product industry and consumer purchase intention
Wang, Y., Ko, E., & Wang, H. (2021) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-11-2019-0684 · Cited by 191
Between Archive and Participation: Public Memory in a Digital Age
Haskins, E. V. (2007) · Rhetoric Society Quarterly · doi:10.1080/02773940601086794 · Cited by 206
The Mediated Moderation Model of Interactivity
Bucy, E. P., & Tao, C.-C. (2007) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260701283269 · Cited by 175
Investigating the Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on Tourists’ Experiences
Zhang, Y., Sotiriadis, M. D., & Shen, S. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14053048 · Cited by 172
Wei, H.-C., Peng, H., & Chou, C. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.12.013 · Cited by 164
Behm‐Morawitz, E. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.023 · Cited by 164
Cover, R. (2006) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444806059922 · Cited by 157
Joo, E., & Yang, J. (2023) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-02-2022-0037 · Cited by 213
Boczkowski, P., & Mitchelstein, E. (2012) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2011.01418.x · Cited by 159
Predicting online game loyalty based on need gratification and experiential motives
Huang, L., & Hsieh, Y. (2011) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/10662241111176380 · Cited by 154
Information, Interactivity, and Social Media
Ariel, Y., & Avidar, R. (2015) · Atlantic Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/15456870.2015.972404 · Cited by 152
Cho, C.-H., & Cheon, H. J. (2005) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2005.10639195 · Cited by 162
FREEZING THE FLOW OF ONLINE NEWS
Karlsson, M., & Strömbäck, J. (2009) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/14616700903119784 · Cited by 145
Lilleker, D. G., & Jackson, N. (2010) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.2202/1944-2866.1064 · Cited by 138
Public engagement with CEOs on social media: Motivations and relational outcomes
Men, L. R., & Tsai, W. S. (2016) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.08.001 · Cited by 141
Reinecke, L., Klatt, J., & Krämer, N. C. (2011) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2011.573466 · Cited by 154
Sweetser, K. D., Williams, A. P. J. W., Postelnicu, M., & Landreville, K. D. (2006) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1207/s15327825mcs0901_2 · Cited by 135
Larsson, A. O. (2017) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2017.1332957 · Cited by 134
Hammick, J. K., & Lee, M. J. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.046 · Cited by 127
Dimitrova, D. V., Kaid, L. L., Williams, A. P. J. W., & Sweetser, K. D. (2005) · Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics · doi:10.1177/1081180x05275595 · Cited by 132
Ji, Y. G., Chen, Z. F., Tao, W., & Li, Z. C. (2018) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.12.001 · Cited by 141
The Meaning of Interactivity—Some Proposals for Definitions and Measures
Janlert, L.-E., & Stolterman, E. (2016) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/07370024.2016.1226139 · Cited by 127
Effects of Web Interactivity: A Meta-Analysis
Yang, F., & Shen, F. (2017) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650217700748 · Cited by 144
The natural life cycle of new media evolution
Lehman-Wilzig, S. N., & Cohen-Avigdor, N. (2004) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/146144804042524 · Cited by 127
Lustria, M. L. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.20557 · Cited by 126
Park, H., & Cameron, G. T. (2014) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699014538827 · Cited by 119
The Discipline of Watching: Detection, Risk, and Lateral Surveillance
Andrejevic, M. (2006) · Critical Studies in Media Communication · doi:10.1080/07393180601046147 · Cited by 118
Chung, D. S., & Yoo, C. Y. (2008) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205430701791048 · Cited by 113
The Impact of Stereoscopic Three-Dimensional (3-D) Advertising
Yim, M. Y., Cicchirillo, V. J., & Drumwright, M. E. (2012) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.2753/joa0091-3367410208 · Cited by 111
Examining Internet Interactivity Effects on Young Adult Political Information Efficacy
Tedesco, J. C. (2007) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764207300041 · Cited by 105
Modeling Audience Interactivity as the Gratification-Seeking Process in Online Newspapers
Yoo, C. Y. (2011) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2010.01376.x · Cited by 102
Holmes, S. (2004) · Television & New Media · doi:10.1177/1527476403255833 · Cited by 102
Interactivity and memory: Information processing of interactive versus non-interactive content
Xu, Q., & Sundar, S. S. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.046 · Cited by 99
Mero, J. (2018) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-017-0281-2 · Cited by 112
Connecting blog, Twitter and Facebook use with gaps in knowledge and participation
Yoo, S., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2014) · Communication & Society · doi:10.15581/003.27.4.33-48 · Cited by 99
Measuring perceived interactivity of mobile advertisements
Gao, Q., Rau, P. P., & Salvendy, G. (2009) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449290802666770 · Cited by 92
Capriotti, P., Zeler, I., & Camilleri, M. A. (2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80071-264-520211003 · Cited by 90
Effect of interactivity on learner perceptions in Web-based instruction
Sun, J.-N., & Hsu, Y.-C. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.08.002 · Cited by 100
Levels of Interactivity in the 2007 French Presidential Candidates’ Websites
Lilleker, D. G., & Malagón, C. (2010) · European Journal of Communication · doi:10.1177/0267323109354231 · Cited by 89
Kumar, H., Rauschnabel, P. A., Agarwal, M. N., Singh, R. K., & Srivastava, R. (2023) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2023.103910 · Cited by 110
Ursu, M. F., Thomas, M., Kegel, I., Williams, D., Tuomola, M. L., Lindstedt, I., Wright, T., Leurdijk, A., Zsombori, V., Sussner, J., et al. (2008) · ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications · doi:10.1145/1412196.1412198 · Cited by 89
Intergroup Accommodation, Social Categories, and Identities
Palomares, N. A., Giles, H., Soliz, J. E., & Gallois, C. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316226537.007 · Cited by 88
Virtual Assistance in Any Context
Janssen, A., Passlick, J., Cardona, D. R., & Breitner, M. H. (2020) · Business & Information Systems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12599-020-00644-1 · Cited by 96
Writing the Conceptual Article: A Practical Guide
Reese, S. D. (2022) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2021.2009353 · Cited by 88
Oh, J., & Ki, E. (2019) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.02.005 · Cited by 93
Rheu, M., Dai, Y. H., Meng, J., & Peng, W. (2024) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502231221669 · Cited by 91
Mobile technology affordance and its social implications: A case of “Rain Classroom”
Li, X., & Song, S. (2017) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.12586 · Cited by 99
The effects of service interactivity on the satisfaction and the loyalty of smartphone users
Kim, M., Chang, Y., Park, M.-C., & Lee, J. (2015) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2015.05.003 · Cited by 96
The reasons why elderly mobile users adopt ubiquitous mobile social service
Yang, H., & Lin, S.-L. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.005 · Cited by 90
Lee, H., & Xu, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Fashion Design Technology and Education · doi:10.1080/17543266.2019.1657505 · Cited by 95
Assessing interactivity in computer-mediated research
Rafaeli, S., & Ariel, Y. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0006 · Cited by 85
Changing the idea of language: Nigel Love's perspective
Cowley, S. J. (2016) · Language Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2016.09.008 · Cited by 88
Antecedents and consequents of a mobile website’s interactivity
Coursaris, C. K., & Sung, J. (2012) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444812439552 · Cited by 79
Testing the Impact of Message Interactivity on Relationship Management and Organizational Reputation
Lee, H., & Park, H. (2013) · Journal of Public Relations Research · doi:10.1080/1062726x.2013.739103 · Cited by 78
Bailenson, J. N., Yee, N., Patel, K., & Beall, A. C. (2007) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2007.01.015 · Cited by 77
Commercial Media Literacy: What Does It Do, to Whom—and Does It Matter?
Eagle, L. C. (2007) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.2753/joa0091-3367360207 · Cited by 77
What Interactivity Means to the User Essential Insights into and a Scale for Perceived Interactivity
Leiner, D. J., & Quiring, O. (2008) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.01434.x · Cited by 77
Zhang, L., Bowman, D. A., & Jones, C. N. (2019) · International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games) · doi:10.1109/vs-games.2019.8864531 · Cited by 78
Cummings, J. J., & Wertz, B. (2022) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmac027 · Cited by 83
NEW MEDIA, MEDIATION, AND COMMUNICATION STUDY
Lievrouw, L. A. (2009) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/13691180802660651 · Cited by 77
Lights, Camera, Music, Interaction! Interactive Persuasion in E-commerce
Xu, Q., & Sundar, S. S. (2012) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650212439062 · Cited by 74
How Does Web Site Interactivity Affect Our Perceptions of an Organization?
Guillory, J. E., & Sundar, S. S. (2013) · Journal of Public Relations Research · doi:10.1080/1062726x.2013.795866 · Cited by 73
Holmes, S. (2004) · International Journal of Cultural Studies · doi:10.1177/1367877904043238 · Cited by 73
Testing the level of interactivity of institutional websites: From museums 1.0 to museums 2.0
Capriotti, P., Carretón‐Ballester, C., & Esparcia, A. C. (2015) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.10.003 · Cited by 72
The agenda setting hypothesis in the new media environment
Aruguete, N. (2016) · Comunicación y Sociedad · doi:10.32870/cys.v0i28.2929 · Cited by 72
Rawls, Fraser, redistribution, recognition and The World Summit on the Information Society
Collins, R. (2007) · International journal of communication · Cited by 69
Meyer, H. K., & Carey, M. C. (2013) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2013.859838 · Cited by 69
Bureaucratic reform and e-government in the United States: An institutional perspective
Mossberger, K. (2008) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203962541-15 · Cited by 71
Dylko, I. B., & McCluskey, M. (2012) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012.01409.x · Cited by 77
Scan and click: The uses and gratifications of social recommendation systems
Kim, J. W. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.028 · Cited by 67
Chung, D. S., & Nah, S. (2009) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01473.x · Cited by 67
The special case of Switzerland: Swiss politicians on Twitter
Rauchfleisch, A., & Metag, J. (2015) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444815586982 · Cited by 66
Ko, H., Roberts, M. S., & Cho, C.-H. (2006) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2006.10505201 · Cited by 64
Interaktivität, Interaktion, Internet
Neuberger, C. (2007) · Publizistik · doi:10.1007/s11616-007-0004-3 · Cited by 63
Review of Interactive Safer Sex Web Sites: Practice and Potential
Noar, S. M., Clark, A., Cole, C., & Lustria, M. L. A. (2006) · Health Communication · doi:10.1207/s15327027hc2003_3 · Cited by 62
Lee, J.-E. R., Nass, C., Brave, S., Morishima, Y., Nakajima, H., & Yamada, R. (2006) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00339.x · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Kiousis, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kiousis, Spiro
- ORCID
- Kiousis, Spiro
- Venue
- New Media & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 355-383
- ISSN
- 1461-4448 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7315
- OpenAlex
- W2002803426
- Cited by
- 666
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 12.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New Media & Society (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Oregon
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media and Digital Communication
- Social Sciences › Communication › News Media Framing and Political Communication
- Social Sciences › Communication › Mediatization and Communication for Social Change
- Keywords
- interactivity, theoretical definition, operational definitions, communication technology, communicative situations, user perception, media influence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review