The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The influences of information literacy, internet addiction and parenting styles on internet risks
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how demographics, addiction symptoms, information literacy, parenting styles and internet activities can predict ‘internet risks’. Data were gathered from a probability sample of 718 adolescents and teenagers, aged 9–19 in Hong Kong, using face-to-face interviews. Results show that adolescents who are often targets of harassment tend to be older boys with a high family income. They are targets probably because they spend a lot of time on social networking sites (SNSs) and prefer the online setting. Adolescents who encounter a lot of unwelcome solicitation of personal or private information online tend to be older girls. In information literacy, they are generally very competent with publishing tools but are not structurally literate, especially in understanding how information is socially situated and produced. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The low correlation between DL and academic achievement for middle school students may be due to Internet addiction.”
From The causal relationship between digital literacy and students’ academic achievement: a meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Leung and Lee, 2012b
Citations
Cites
Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet
Turkle, S. (1997) · Cited by 6,340
Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder
YOUNG, K. S. (1998) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237 · Cited by 5,513
Parental Monitoring: A Reinterpretation
Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00210 · Cited by 2,358
Born digital: understanding the first generation of digital natives
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-7115 · Cited by 1,994
Livingstone, S. (2008) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444808089415 · Cited by 1,780
Psychological Predictors of Problem Mobile Phone Use
Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J. G. (2005) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.39 · Cited by 1,514
(1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,425
Parental Mediation of Children's Internet Use
Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838150802437396 · Cited by 1,352 · cited 7×
“Livingstone (2008a) has shown that it is difficult to limit the risks that young people take online without also reducing the take-up of opportunities.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(2018) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781506326139.n198 · Cited by 1,244
Caplan, S. E. (2003) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650203257842 · Cited by 1,026
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Banta TW, 2004, Assessment Update, 16, 3
- Center for Media Education, 2001, Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act: The First Year
- Finkelhor D, 2000, Online Victimization: A Report on the Nation’s Young People
- Howe N, 2007, Millennials Go to College: Implementation Guide
- Keith S, 2005, Reclaiming Children and Youth, 13, 224
- Murray J, 2003, MultiMedia Schools, 10, 14
- Rockman IF, 2002, Library Trends, 51, 185
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–272 of 272
Aydemir, H., Çınar, M., & KARALI, Y. (2021) · International Online Journal of Educational Sciences · doi:10.15345/iojes.2021.04.014 · Cited by 5
Melo‐Pfeifer, S., & Gertz, H. D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25871-8_12 · Cited by 2
Domalewska, D., Jovanoski, A., Nenovski, B., Sharlamanov, K., & Żakowska, M. (2023) · Discover Global Society · doi:10.1007/s44282-023-00009-5 · Cited by 1
CAÑARES, N. C. (2023) · AIDE Interdisciplinary Research Journal · doi:10.56648/aide-irj.v6i1.97 · Cited by 1
Esra, M., & Dr.), T. Y. Y. (. (2023) · i-manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology · doi:10.26634/jet.20.3.20148 · Cited by 1
Ketagihan Skrin dalam Kalangan Belia di Lembah Klang
Malaysia, U. K., Salleh, M. A. M., Kasim, A. C., Malaysia, U. K., Yusof, M. Y. M., Malaysia, U. K., Baco, M. A., Malaysia, U. K., Arzami, M. N. I. N., & Malaysia, U. K. (2024) · Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication · doi:10.17576/jkmjc-2024-4001-16 · Cited by 1
Duradoni, M., Gamma, M. L., Serritella, E., Severino, F. P., Prifti, A., & Guazzini, A. (2024) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941241253601 · Cited by 2
The Evolving Landscape of Youth Online Safety: Insights from News Media Analysis
Namvarpour, M., Aghakhani, E., Ekstrand, M. D., Rezapour, R., & Razi, A. (2025) · ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci) · doi:10.1145/3717867.3717874 · Cited by 1
Factors Influencing Online Poll Participation
Zhao, K. W., & Leung, L. W. (2013) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.2013040101 · Cited by 1
Self-citationZhao, K. W., & Leung, L. W. (2012) · Cited by 1
Self-citationPROPENSIÓN A INNOVAR EN TI Y RECIPROCIDAD EN EL ÁMBITO DE LAS REDES SOCIALES
Muñoz-Expósito, M., & Sánchez‐Franco, M. J. (2016) · Revista de Administração de Empresas · doi:10.1590/s0034-759020160208 · Cited by 1
Exploring Donors’ Online Charity Adoption Base on Trust on Information Adoption Process
Hai-ying, Y., Dong, P., & Tao, M. A. (2018) · doi:10.1109/icmse.2018.8745097 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of university students in terms of psychological health brought about by technology
Imanbekova, G., Rizabekovna, Y. A., Bodauova, B., Tokanovna, Z. N., & Abulkhakovna, B. G. (2022) · Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences · doi:10.18844/cjes.v17i5.7453 · Cited by 1
The Relationships Among and Between Psychosocial Variables and Cyber bullying in School-Age Children
Bergman, K. N. (2012) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/28300 · Cited by 1
Oakley, G. (2014) · Cited by 1
Privacy Attitudes and Behaviours of Autistic and Non-Autistic Teenagers on Social Networking Sites
Rocheleau, J. N. (2019) · doi:10.22215/etd/2019-13696 · Cited by 1
Asrese, K., & Muche, H. (2019) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.2.14939/v1 · Cited by 1
Duarte, C. E. M. (2021) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.149617 · Cited by 1
Risk and Crisis Communication Research in China
Ji, Y., & Wan, C. (2025) · doi:10.1002/9781394180844.ch27 · Cited by 1
Prevention of Cyberbullying: A Conceptual Review
Busiol, D., & Lee, T. Y. (2015) · Quality of life in Asia · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-582-2_5
Ahmadpour, K. (2014) · e-scholar@UOIT (University of Ontario Institute of Technology)
Social network site appropriation processes based on family types
Mahmud, Y. (2015)
Research on the Paths of Cultivating College Students' Information Literacy
Li, G. (2016) · International Conference on Management Science and Innovative Education (MSIE) · doi:10.2991/msie-16.2016.32
Imágenes humanística para una sociedad educadora
Mancha, U. D. C.-L., Marchante, J. S. G., Martínez, P. M. I., Guerrero, A. E. A., Clemente, F. M. G., López, C. H., Fuente, J. A. J., Cravioto, E. G., Villaverde, Á. L. L., Castañeda, E. H., et al. (2018) · Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha eBooks · doi:10.18239/est.165.2018
Nellitawati, N., Erwinda, L., Ifdil, I., Aswardi, A., Fadli, R. P., Ardi, Z., Fadli, R. P., Refnadi, R., Zola, N., Churnia, E., et al. (2018) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1114/1/012083
Predicting depression among internet addicted students
Kondaveeti, R., Sanjay, Y., & Athili, S. (2019) · Telangana Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18231/j.tjp.2019.004
Media Education in Family: The Attitudes and Approaches of Czech Parents
Šťastná, L., Wolák, R., & Cigánková, K. (2014) · e-Pedagogium · doi:10.5507/epd.2014.008
Miccoli, M. R., Gargaglione, G., Barbato, S., Natale, L. D., Rotelli, V., & Silvestri, V. (2020) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9715-5.ch046
إدمان وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وعلاقته بالشعور بالوحدة النفسية وسمات القلق الاجتماعي لدى طلاب الجامعة
الرازق, د. أ. ح. ج. ع. (2020) · International Journal on Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.33193/ijohss.14.2020.114
Ostapovich, I. Y., Gavrilova, Y. A., Vilacheva, M., & Savoskin, A. V. (2020) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202020806001
Monteiro, B. L. M., & Mota, C. P. (2021) · Psicologia · doi:10.17575/psicologia.v35i1.1641 · Cited by 2
Nimusima, P., Kamukama, N., Kalibwani, R., & Rwakihembo, J. (2022) · International Journal of Marketing Strategies · doi:10.47672/ijms.965 · Cited by 1
Miccoli, M. R., Gargaglione, G., Barbato, S., Natale, L. D., Rotelli, V., & Silvestri, V. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-5594-4.ch032
Huang, H. (2013) · Understanding China · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45441-7_8
Leung, L. W. (2017) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2584-4.ch039
Self-citationPredicting Dysfunctional Internet Use
Stodt, B., Wegmann, E., & Brand, M. (2019) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-8900-6.ch031
Predicting Dysfunctional Internet Use
Stodt, B., Wegmann, E., & Brand, M. (2019) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch086
Factors Influencing Online Poll Participation
Zhao, K. W., & Leung, L. W. (2015) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8358-7.ch072
Self-citationPredicting Dysfunctional Internet Use
Stodt, B., Wegmann, E., & Brand, M. (2018) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7666-2.ch013
Leung, L. W., & Liang, J. (2019) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch054
Self-citationLeung, L. W., & Liang, J. (2019) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-8900-6.ch037
Self-citationParental Influences on Adolescents' Risky Media Usage
Jung, D. (2020) · San José State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University) · doi:10.31979/etd.ecz9-pujv
Impact of Cyber Relational Addiction on Undergraduates’ Interpersonal Relationship in Nigeria
Mustapha, M. L. A., Ajokpaniovo, M., & Olaoye, F. E. (2022) · Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling · doi:10.17977/um001v7i12022p10-19
REDENA, C. C. C. (2022) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp1001051720223620
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin İnternet Algıları ve Kullanma Deneyimleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma
Şekerci, H. (2022) · Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17240/aibuefd.2022..-867068
BakiBillah, A. H., Khan, A., Muhammad, F., Chowdhury, A. A., Shahinuzzaman, M., Hossain, S. B., Akram, M., Almasri, N. A., Wani, M. A., Chowdhury, M., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2364672/v2
BakiBillah, A. H., Khan, A., Muhammad, F., Chowdhury, A. A., Shahinuzzaman, M., Hossain, S. B., Akram, M., Almasri, N. A., Wani, M. A., Chowdhury, M., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2364672/v1
BakiBillah, A. H., Khan, A., Muhammad, F., Chowdhury, A. A., Shahinuzzaman, M., Hossain, S. B., Akram, M., Almasri, N. A., Wani, M. A., Chowdhury, M., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2364672/v3
BakiBillah, A. H., Khan, A., Muhammad, F., Chowdhury, A. A., Shahinuzzaman, M., Hossain, S. B., Akram, M., Almasri, N. A., Wani, M. A., Chowdhury, M., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2364672/v4
ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРАВ І СВОБОД ЛЮДИНИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Коломоєць, Ю. І. (2023) · Derzhavne upravlinnya udoskonalennya ta rozvytok · doi:10.32702/2307-2156.2023.1.6
What Can Parents Do with Cyberbullying Among Adolescents?
Cao, L. (2023) · International Journal of Social Science and Humanity · doi:10.18178/ijssh.2023.v13.1150
Technology Addiction as One of the Risks of Adolescence
Zeynep, D. E. R. E. (2023) · doi:10.59287/ires.605
Puchalska, V., Jusienė, R., & Breidokienė, R. (2023) · Psichologija · doi:10.15388/psichol.2023.69.5
Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal Orang Tua terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini
Sylvi, & Astuti, S. I. (2024) · Bandung Conference Series Public Relations · doi:10.29313/bcspr.v4i1.10462
Addictive behaviors among youth and adolescents in the digital age
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4853-0 · Cited by 1
Potenciál využití online médií ve výuce geologie na základní a střední škole
Jedličková, T., Teodoridis, V., & Bartůňková, D. (2024) · Scientia in educatione · doi:10.14712/18047106.3219
Der Einfluss der Medien auf die kindliche und jugendliche Psyche
Mößle, T., & Föcker, J. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66744-6_48
ÇOCUKLARDA İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞINDA EBEVEYN İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞININ ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Eti, S., Tepe, T., & Ateş, O. (2024) · Turkish Journal of Applied Social Work · doi:10.54467/trjasw.1481570
A Literature Review of Adolescent Internet Literacy from the Perspective of Digital Divide
Wang, L., & Mei, X. (2024) · Scientific Journal of Economics and Management Research · doi:10.54691/r80aea14
A Quantitative Approach to Understand Cyberbullying
Stegmair, J. G. (2021) · doi:10.12794/metadc1833453
Mustafiz, M. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5135157
Ambahelagedara, H., Sortheix, F. M., Hietajärvi, L., & Ketonen, E. E. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5717172
Harcèlement scolaire et cyber-harcèlement : étude des violences scolaires chez les élèves français
Hoareau, N. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/dd5c1670z77bez4f7cz8f22z965cd09346cd
Ambahelagedara, H., Sortheix, F. M., Hietajärvi, L., & Ketonen, E. E. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101092 · Cited by 1
Kim, Y., & Park, S. E. (2026) · Journal of Social Media Research · doi:10.29329/jsomer.92
Mustafiz, M., & RAHMAN, M. (2026) · Media Literacy and Academic Research · doi:10.34135/mlar-26-01-09
Between conflict and contribution: Jewish editors and the politics of knowledge on Wikipedia
Lir, S. A. (2026) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/13548565261459183
Li, T., & Chen, K. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09695-1
More Active, Less Restrictive: Parental Mediation Profiles and Adolescent Online Risk
Ge, W., Fang, Y., Niu, G., & Sun, X. (2026) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-026-03385-z
Metadata
- Authors
- Leung, L., & Lee, P. S. N.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- ORCID
- Leung, Louis
- Venue
- New Media & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-08-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 117-136
- ISSN
- 1461-4448 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7315
- OpenAlex
- W2147875374
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 46.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New Media & Society (publishedVersion)
- Hong Kong Education Bibliographic Database (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Literacy, Media, and Education
- Social Sciences › Law › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Keywords
- information literacy, internet addiction, parenting styles, online risks, adolescents, online harassment, social networking sites, demographic predictors, Hong Kong adolescents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review