Subtle or Covert Abuse Within Intimate Partner Relationships: A Scoping Review
Open accessAbstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem enacted with varying degrees of severity, leading to mental and physical damage. Despite the acknowledgment that perpetration can be enacted in a subtle or covert way, there is a paucity of literature defining and describing such subtle abuse. Consequently, understanding about the behaviors and impacts of subtle abuse is limited, and there is a potential inability by therapists to recognize it in their clients. This scoping review sought to identify and synthesize the literature around subtle or covert abuse (SCA) in intimate adult relationships to clarify the concept, with the aim to aid professional recognition. PsychINFO (EBSCO), MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsychArticles (EBSCO), Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and EThOS were searched using relevant search terms. In total, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria by containing a description or definition of abuse based on primary research with adults in intimate partner relationships. Findings were synthesized using descriptive content analysis under four headings: (a) Descriptions and groupings of SCA behaviors, (b) The impact of SCA on victims, (c) Underlying theories of SCA, and (d) Recognition by professionals. This review suggests that SCA may be the most damaging of all abuses.
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Legislative examples may not fully capture the relational, subtle and cumulative dynamics that characterise many survivors' experiences of psychological IPV.
“While important, these examples may not fully capture the relational, subtle and cumulative dynamics that characterise many survivors ' experiences of psychological IPV (Lohmann et al., 2024; Parkinson et al., 2024).”
From ‘Reconnecting With All the Things That You Lost Because of Control’: What Helps Women in the Process of Leaving a Psychologically Abusive Intimate Partner? (2026) · cites this paper as Parkinson et al., 2024
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- Authors
- Parkinson, R., Jong, S. T., & Hanson, S.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Parkinson, Rosemary
- Venue
- Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2024-10-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 4090-4101
- ISSN
- 1524-8380 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8324
- PMC
- PMC11545147
- OpenAlex
- W4403302199
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trauma Violence & Abuse (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, intimate relationships, abuse perpetration, victim impact
- MeSH terms
- Intimate Partner Violence, Adult, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Sexual Partners, Crime Victims
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