The DOI matches its Crossref record; 194 of the 194 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Suicide Prevention: State of the Art Review
Open accessAbstract
Suicide is a public health problem affecting people across the lifespan. It is currently the 10th leading cause of death, with rates having remained relatively flat for the past century. This article summarizes the problem of suicide and suicidal behavior along with suicide prevention efforts in the United States. Part 1 provides an overview of the epidemiology of suicide, including groups most at risk of suicide and suicidal behavior. Part 2 provides a review of common risk factors, organized by developmental life stage. A brief discussion of the lesser well-researched area of protective factors follows. Part 3 provides an overview of suicide prevention today, including the major types of prevention strategies, their successes, including means restriction, quality improvement in behavioral services, and comprehensive programs; and limitations to date, such as a lack of evidence for impact on actual deaths or behavior, small sample sizes, and low base rates. Finally, part 4 discusses challenges and future directions with an eye toward the great many opportunities that exist for prevention.
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“In 2017, there were approximately 10 times as many emergency department (ED) visits for nonfatal self-harm as there were suicides in the United States. 1”
From Trends in the Incidence and Lethality of Suicidal Acts in the United States, 2006 to 2015 (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
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Cites
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“Long-term follow-up and assessment of confounding factors is recommended.(101)”
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“We know that a whole host of adverse childhood experiences are associated with suicide attempts.(209) Preventing these events from occurring may ultimately reduce suicide, especially in the context of other improvements.”
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“problem behaviors in both adults and adolescents.(159,160) Among school programs, Project CAST (Coping and Support Training) showed sustained increases in problem-solving coping and personal control compared with a less-intensive program, C-CARE (Counselors CARE).”
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“Social norms may also play out most in this age group, with men being less likely than women to seek help for mental health and other stressors, preferring instead to handle problems on their own.(49,50) This may include self-medicating with drugs and alcohol.”
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“Older adulthood may be characterized as a time of more predictable and stable emotions; however, social roles and networks change, as does physical functioning.(52) Among older adults, physical illness, loss, and mental illness are common risk factors in suicide.”
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“This intervention is particularly important given the research that mental illness is underrecognized and undertreated in primary care settings(133) and given previous research findings that more than 75% of those who committed suicide sought contact with a primary care doctor or non–mental health care provider in the…”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rosenfield, S., & Mouzon, D. M. (2012) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_14 · Cited by 592
Ivey-Stephenson, A. Z., Crosby, A. E., Jack, S. P. D., Haileyesus, T., & Kresnow-Sedacca, M.-J. (2017) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6618a1 · Cited by 319
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Suicide prevention: an emerging priority for health care
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Abbasi, E. (2025) · IJID One Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100058 · Cited by 133
Metadata
- Authors
- Stone, D. M., & Crosby, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- ORCID
- Crosby, Alex E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-10-16
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 404-420
- ISSN
- 1559-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-8284
- PMC
- PMC6112615
- OpenAlex
- W2084578693
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 194
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 16.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Keywords
- suicide prevention, suicide epidemiology, suicidal behavior, suicide risk factors, protective factors, means restriction, behavioral health services, suicide prevention strategies
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