Cited by 288Social and Intergroup PsychologySocial Power and Status DynamicsCultural Capital and Social Class

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Signs of Social Class: The Experience of Economic Inequality in Everyday Life

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Kraus, Michael W., Park, Jun Won, Tan, Jacinth J. X.·2017·Perspectives on Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/1745691616673192PMC PMC5453398

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Abstract

By some accounts, global economic inequality is at its highest point on record. The pernicious effects of this broad societal trend are striking: Rising inequality is linked to poorer health and well-being across countries, continents, and cultures. The economic and psychological forces that perpetuate inequality continue to be studied, and in this theoretical review, we examine the role of daily experiences of economic inequality-the communication of social class signals between interaction partners-in this process. We theorize that social class signals activate social comparison processes that strengthen group boundaries between the haves and have nots in society. In particular, we argue that class signals are a frequent, rapid, and accurate component of person perception, and we provide new data and analyses demonstrating the accuracy of class signaling in 60-s interactions, Facebook photographs, and isolated recordings of brief speech. We suggest that barriers to the reduction of economic inequality in society arise directly from this class signaling process through the augmentation of class boundaries and the elicitation of beliefs and behaviors that favor the economic status quo.

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Authors: Kraus, M. W., Park, J. W., & Tan, J. J. X.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Kraus, Michael W.
ORCID: Kraus, Michael W.
Tan, Jacinth J. X.
Venue: Perspectives on Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-05
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Pages: 422-435
ISSN: 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
1745-6924
DOI: 10.1177/1745691616673192
PMC: PMC5453398
OpenAlex: W2618394217
Cited by: 288
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7
FWCI: 56.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University) (submittedVersion)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders: Yale University, School of Management
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Cultural Capital and Social Class
Keywords: economic inequality, social comparison, person perception, class boundaries, everyday life, speech recordings, group boundaries
MeSH terms: Humans, Quality of Life, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Status Disparities

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Signs of Social Class: The Experience of Economic Inequality in Everyday Life

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