A randomised pilot feasibility study of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing recent traumatic episode protocol, to improve psychological recovery following intensive care admission for COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
Background: Approximately 50% of intensive care survivors experience persistent psychological symptoms. Eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a widely recommended trauma-focussed psychological therapy, which has not been investigated systematically in a cohort of intensive care survivors: We therefore conducted a randomised pilot feasibility study of EMDR, using the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), to prevent psychological distress in intensive care survivors. Findings will determine whether it would be possible to conduct a fully-powered clinical effectiveness trial and inform trial design. Method: We aimed to recruit 26 patients who had been admitted to intensive care for over 24 h with COVID-19 infection. Consenting participants were randomised (1:1) to receive either usual care plus remotely delivered EMDR R-TEP or usual care alone (controls). The primary outcome was feasibility. We also report factors related to safety and symptom changes in post-traumatic stress disorder, (PTSD) anxiety and depression. Results: We approached 51 eligible patients, with 26 (51%) providing consent. Intervention adherence (sessions offered/sessions completed) was 83%, and 23/26 participants completed all study procedures. There were no attributable adverse events. Between baseline and 6-month follow-up, mean change in PTSD score was −8 (SD = 10.5) in the intervention group versus +0.75 (SD = 15.2) in controls ( p = 0.126). There were no significant changes to anxiety or depression. Conclusion: Remotely delivered EMDR R-TEP met pre-determined feasibility and safety objectives. Whilst we achieved group separation in PTSD symptom change, we have identified a number of protocol refinements that would improve the design of a fully powered, multi-centre randomised controlled trial, consistent with currently recommended rehabilitation clinical pathways. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04455360.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The process of EMDR with ICU survivors has been described in publications and there is an emerging evidence base.
“the process of EMDR with ICU survivors has been described in publications and there is an emerging evidence base.29–32”
From “It saved me”: A thematic analysis of experiences of psychological therapy following critical illness and intensive care (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139 · see citing works
Depression and quality of life in older persons: A review
Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437299 · Cited by 14,152 · see citing works
Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance
Craig, P., Dieppe, P., Macintyre, S., Michie, S., Nazareth, I., & Petticrew, M. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a1655 · Cited by 10,995 · see citing works
Hoffmann, T. C., Glasziou, P. P., Boutron, I., Milne, R., Perera, R., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Barbour, V., Macdonald, H., Johnston, M., et al. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g1687 · Cited by 10,548 · see citing works
Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)
Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., Bonsel, G., & Badia, X. (2011) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x · Cited by 9,795 · see citing works
The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3 · Cited by 9,779 · see citing works
The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500802222972 · Cited by 6,439 · see citing works
Skivington, K., Matthews, L., Simpson, S. A., Craig, P., Baird, J., Blazeby, J. M., Boyd, K. A., Craig, N., French, D. P., McIntosh, E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n2061 · Cited by 5,808 · see citing works
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22059 · Cited by 5,233 · see citing works
CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials.
Eldridge, S. M., Chan, C. L., Campbell, M. J., Bond, C. M., Hopewell, S., Thabane, L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i5239 · Cited by 3,404 · see citing works
CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials
on behalf of the PAFS consensus group, Eldridge, S. M., Chan, C. L., Campbell, M. J., Bond, C. M., Hopewell, S., Thabane, L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2016) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-016-0105-8 · Cited by 2,843 · see citing works
Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies
Hertzog, M. A. (2008) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20247 · Cited by 2,337 · see citing works
Albeck, J. H. (2001) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.295 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults
Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Cooper, R., & Lewis, C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003388.pub4 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Wilson, M. G., Thomas, D. R., Rubenstein, L. Z., Chibnall, J. T., Anderson, S., Baxi, A., Diebold, M. R., & Morley, J. E. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1074 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Jones, C., Griffiths, R. D., Humphris, G. M., & Skirrow, P. M. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200103000-00019 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Critical Illness Survivors: A Metaanalysis*
Parker, A. M., Sricharoenchai, T., Raparla, S., Schneck, K. W., Bienvenu, O. J., & Needham, D. M. (2015) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000882 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation
Barker-Davies, R. M., O’Sullivan, O., Senaratne, K. P. P., Baker, P., Cranley, M., Dharm-Datta, S., Ellis, H., Goodall, D., Gough, M. R. C., Lewis, S., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102596 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder in general intensive care unit survivors: a systematic review
Davydow, D. S., Gifford, J. M., Desai, S. V., Needham, D. M., & Bienvenu, O. J. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.05.006 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Impact of the digital divide in the age of COVID-19
Ramsetty, A., & Adams, C. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaa078 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Walters, S. J., Bonacho dos Anjos Henriques-Cadby, I., Bortolami, O., Flight, L., Hind, D., Jacques, R. M., Knox, C., Nadin, B., Rothwell, J., Surtees, M., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015276 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Hatch, R. A., Young, D., Barber, V. S., Griffiths, J., Harrison, D. A., & Watkinson, P. (2018) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-018-2223-6 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Cuthbertson, B. H., Rattray, J., Campbell, M. K., Gager, M., Roughton, S., Smith, A., Hull, A., Breeman, S., Norrie, J., Jenkinson, D., et al. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b3723 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Anxiety symptoms in survivors of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Nikayin, S., Rabiee, A., Hashem, M. D., Huang, M., Bienvenu, O. J., Turnbull, A. E., & Needham, D. M. (2016) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.08.005 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Depression in general intensive care unit survivors: a systematic review
Davydow, D. S., Gifford, J. M., Desai, S. V., Bienvenu, O. J., & Needham, D. M. (2009) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-009-1396-5 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms After Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Rabiee, A., Nikayin, S., Hashem, M. D., Huang, M., Dinglas, V. D., Bienvenu, O. J., Turnbull, A. E., & Needham, D. M. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001811 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Righy, C., Rosa, R. G., da Silva, R. T. A., Kochhann, R., Migliavaca, C. B., Robinson, C. C., Teche, S. P., Teixeira, C., Bozza, F. A., & Falavigna, M. (2019) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2489-3 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Lemay, K. R., Tulloch, H. E., Pipe, A. L., & Reed, J. L. (2019) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000379 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Witham, M. D., Anderson, E., Carroll, C., Dark, P. M., Down, K., Hall, A. S., Knee, J., Maier, R. H., Mountain, G. A., Nestor, G., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04613-7 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
The relationship between efficacy and methodology in studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD
Maxfield, L., & Hyer, L. A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.1127 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Understanding resilience: New approaches for preventing and treating PTSD
Horn, S. R. G.-V., Charney, D. S., & Feder, A. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.002 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Psychological impact on SARS survivors: Critical review of the English language literature.
Gardner, P. J., & Moallef, P. (2014) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0037973 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis
Mavranezouli, I., Megnin-Viggars, O., Daly, C., Dias, S., Welton, N. J., Stockton, S., Bhutani, G., Grey, N., Leach, J., Greenberg, N., et al. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000070 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Lang, A. J., Laffaye, C., Satz, L. E., Dresselhaus, T. R., & Stein, M. B. (2003) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1023796007788 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Early psychological intervention following recent trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Roberts, N. P., Kitchiner, N. J., Kenardy, J., Lewis, C. E., & Bisson, J. I. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1695486 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
McIlroy, P., King, R. S., Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Tabah, A., & Ramanan, M. (2018) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003547 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
EMDR beyond PTSD: A Systematic Literature Review
Valiente-Gómez, A., Moreno-Alcázar, A., Treen, D., Cedrón, C., Colom, F., Pérez, V., & Amann, B. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01668 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.79 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationMcPeake, J. M., Mikkelsen, M. E., Quasim, T., Hibbert, E., Cannon, P., Shaw, M., Ankori, J., Iwashyna, T. J., & Haines, K. J. (2019) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201903-248oc · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Wade, D. M., Mouncey, P. R., Richards-Belle, A., Wulff, J., Harrison, D. A., Sadique, M. Z., Grieve, R. D., Emerson, L. M., Mason, A. J., Aaronovitch, D., et al. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.0073 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Connolly, B. A., Milton-Cole, R., Adams, C. E., Battle, C. E., McPeake, J. M., Quasim, T., Silversides, J. A., Slack, A. J., Waldmann, C. S., Wilson, E. M., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052214 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Patel, M. B., Jackson, J. C., Morandi, A., Girard, T. D., Hughes, C. G., Thompson, J. L., Kiehl, A. L., Elstad, M. R., Wasserstein, M. L., Goodman, R. B., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201506-1158oc · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Comparison of 6-Month Outcomes of Survivors of COVID-19 versus Non–COVID-19 Critical Illness
Hodgson, C. L., Higgins, A. M., Bailey, M., Mather, A. M., Beach, L. J., Bellomo, R., Bissett, B., Boden, I. J., Bradley, S. J., Burrell, A. J. C., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202110-2335oc · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Stefanovics, E. A., Rosenheck, R. A., Jones, K. M., Huang, G., & Krystal, J. H. (2018) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-017-9522-y · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Novo, P., Landín-Romero, R., Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe, R., Moreno‐Alcázar, A., Valiente-Gómez, A., Lupo, W., García, F., Fernández, I., Pérez, V., & Amann, B. L. (2016) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.12.002 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Wynne, S. C., Patel, S., Barker, R. E., Jones, S. E., Walsh, J. A., Kon, S. S. C., Cairn, J., Loebinger, M. R., Wilson, R., Man, W. D., et al. (2020) · Chronic Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/1479973120933292 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Karstoft, K., Andersen, S. B., Bertelsen, M., & Madsen, T. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0034889 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Birk, J. L., Sumner, J. A., Haerizadeh, M., Heyman-Kantor, R., Falzon, L., Gonzalez, C. J., Gershengoren, L., Shapiro, P. A., Edmondson, D. E., & Kronish, I. M. (2019) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.03.003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Davydow, D. S., Hough, C. L., Zatzick, D., & Katon, W. J. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000527 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce ICU-related psychological distress: a systematic review.
Wade, D. M., Moon, Z., Windgassen, S., Harrison, A. M., Morris, L., & Weinman, J. A. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sosnowski, K., Mitchell, M. L., White, H. T., Morrison, L., Sutton, J., Sharratt, J., & Lin, F. F. (2018) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-017-0224-x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gil‐Jardine, C., Evrard, G., Joboory, S. A., Saint-Jammes, J. T., Masson, F., Ribereau‐Gayon, R., Galinski, M., Salmi, L., Revel, P., Régis, C. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.024 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Early EMDR Intervention Following a Community Critical Incident: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2015) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.9.1.17 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationHaerizadeh, M., Sumner, J. A., Birk, J. L., Gonzalez, C. J., Heyman-Kantor, R., Falzon, L., Gershengoren, L., Shapiro, P. A., & Kronish, I. M. (2019) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109908 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Post‐traumatic stress disorder predicts future weight change in the Millennium Cohort Study
LeardMann, C. A., Woodall, K. A., Littman, A. J., Jacobson, I. G., Boyko, E. J., Smith, B., Wells, T. S., & Crum‐Cianflone, N. F. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21025 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Roberts, M., Glaspey, L. J., Mazzarelli, A. J., Jones, C. W., Kilgannon, H., Trzeciak, S., & Roberts, B. W. (2018) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003222 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mental health morbidity, self-harm, and suicide in ICU survivors and caregivers
Fernando, S. M., Ranzani, O., & Herridge, M. S. (2022) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-022-06743-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Survival After Severe COVID-19: Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit
Neville, T. H., Hays, R. D., Tseng, C., Gonzalez, C. A., Chen, L., Hong, A., Yamamoto, M. C., Santoso, L., Kung, A., Schwab, K. E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/08850666221092687 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
(2013) · doi:10.1136/bmj.f3232 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Recent-Traumatic Episode Protocol: Outcome Evaluation and Analysis of Three Case Studies
Tofani, L. R., & Wheeler, K. (2011) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.95 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Davydow, D. S., Zatzick, D., Hough, C. L., & Katon, W. J. (2013) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2013.01.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bieber, E. D., Philbrick, K. L., Shapiro, J. B., & Karnatovskaia, L. V. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03855-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Landoni, G., Tozzi, M., Cabrini, L., et al. (2020) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000004740 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The EMDR Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol With an Intensive Care Survivor: A Case Study
Clarke, R. (2022) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/emdr-2021-0028 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bates, A. S., Rushbrook, S. C., Shapiro, E., Grocott, M. P. W., & Cusack, R. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04805-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Novo Navarro P, Landin-Romero R, Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe R, et al. 25 years of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): The EMDR therapy protocol, hypotheses of its mechanism of action and a systematic review of its efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Rev
- Hulme T. Using eye movement therapy to reduce trauma after intensive care. Nursing Times. 2018;114(3):18-21.
- Wake S, Kitchiner D. Post-traumatic stress disorder after intensive care. BMJ. 2013 May 22;346:f3232.
- Shapiro, E., Laub, B., & Rosenblat O. Early EMDR intervention following intense rocket attacks on a town: A randomised clinical trial. Clin Neuropsychiatry J Treat Eval. 2018;15(3):194-205.
- Mohd Razali N, Bee Wah Y. Power comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests. Vol. 2, Journal of Statistical Modeling and Analytics. 2011. 21-33 p.
- Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014 Mar 7;348:g1687. References:
- Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985 Oct;13(10):818-29.
- Wade DM, Howell DC, Weinman JA, Hardy RJ, Mythen MG, Brewin CR, et al. Investigating risk factors for psychological morbidity three months after intensive care: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2012 Oct 15;16(5):R192.
- Karstoft KI, Andersen SB, Bertelsen M, Madsen T. Diagnostic accuracy of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version in a representative military sample. Psychol Assess. 2013 Mar;26(1):321.
- Hatch R, Young D, Barber V, Griffiths J, Harrison DA, Watkinson P. Anxiety, Depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder after critical illness: a UK-wide prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):310.
- Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983, Jun;67(6):361-70.
- Jutte JE, Needham DM, Pfoh ER, Bienvenu OJ. Psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 3 months after acute lung injury. J Crit Care. 2015 Aug;30(4):793-8.
- Herdman M, Gudex • C, Lloyd • A, Janssen MF, Kind • P, Parkin • D, et al. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec;20(10):1727-36
- Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008 Sep;15(3):194-200.
- Wilson M-MG, Thomas DR, Rubenstein LZ, Chibnall JT, Anderson S, Baxi A, et al. Appetite assessment: simple appetite questionnaire predicts weight loss in community-dwelling adults and nursing home residents. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov 1;82(5):1074-81.
- Losonczy KG, Harris TB, Cornoni-Huntley J, Simonsick EM, Wallace RB, Cook NR, et al. Does weight loss from middle age to old age explain the inverse weight mortality relation in old age? Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Feb 15;141(4):312-21.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Surviving Sepsis campaign: international guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2026
Prescott, H. C., Antonelli, M., Alhazzani, W., Møller, M. H., Alshamsi, F., Azevedo, L. C. P., Belley-Cote, E., De Waele, J., Derde, L., Dionne, J. C., et al. (2026) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000007075 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Clarke, R., Weare, V., Chow, H., Bowering-Sheehan, L., & Hitchcock, C. (2024) · Journal of the Intensive Care Society · doi:10.1177/17511437241241243 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bates, A., Golding, H., Rushbrook, S., Shapiro, E., Pattison, N., Baldwin, D. S., Grocott, M. P. W., & Cusack, R.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- Dorset HealthCare University NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Independent EMDR Europe Consultant Practitioner, Haifa, Israel
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bates, Andrew
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the Intensive Care Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-11-19
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-319
- ISSN
- 1751-1437 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9679313
- OpenAlex
- W4309561523
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the Intensive Care Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Research Trainees Coordinating Centre (19792)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Keywords
- EMDR, intensive care unit survivors, COVID-19 pandemic, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological recovery, remote psychological intervention, trauma-focused psychotherapy, anxiety, depression, feasibility
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
