Cited by 434Intensive Care Unit Cognitive DisordersFamily and Patient Care in Intensive Care UnitsMental Health Treatment and Access

Depressive Symptoms After Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Rabiee, Anahita, Nikayin, Sina, Hashem, Mohamed D., Huang, Minxuan, Dinglas, Victor D., Bienvenu, O. Joseph, Turnbull, Alison E., Needham, Dale M.·2016·Critical Care Medicine

Abstract

Objectives: To synthesize data on prevalence, natural history, risk factors, and post-ICU interventions for depressive symptoms in ICU survivors. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry (1970–2015). Study Selection: Studies measuring depression after hospital discharge using a validated instrument in more than 20 adults from non-specialty ICUs. Data Extraction: Duplicate independent review and data abstraction. Data Synthesis: The search identified 27,334 titles, with 42 eligible articles on 38 unique studies (n = 4,113). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale was used most commonly (58%). The pooled Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale prevalence (95% CI) of depressive symptoms at a threshold score greater than or equal to 8 was 29% (22–36%) at 2–3 months (12 studies; n = 1,078), 34% (24–43%) at 6 months (seven studies; n = 760), and 29% (23–34%) at 12–14 months (six studies; n = 1,041). The prevalence of suprathreshold depressive symptoms (compatible with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale, ≥ 8) across all studies, using all instruments, was between 29% and 30% at all three time points. The pooled change in prevalence (95% CI) from 2–3 to 6 months (four studies; n = 387) was 5% (–1% to +12%), and from 6 to 12 months (three studies; n = 412) was 1% (–6% to +7%). Risk factors included pre-ICU psychologic morbidity and presence of in-ICU psychologic distress symptoms. We did not identify any post-ICU intervention with strong evidence of improvement in depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Clinically important depressive symptoms occurred in approximately one-third of ICU survivors and were persistent through 12-month follow-up. Greater research into treatment is needed for this common and persistent post-ICU morbidity.

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  • As many as 66% of acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors report clinically important depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms at 1 year post-discharge.

    “As many as 66% of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors report clinically important symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 1 year post-discharge.5–8”

    From Effects of mindfulness training programmes delivered by a self-directed mobile app and by telephone compared with an education programme for survivors of critical illness: A pilot randomised clinical trial (2019) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Discussion reports clinically important depressive symptoms in about 30% of general ICU survivors during the first 12 months after discharge, and the Results report correlations with anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Neither passage establishes the claimed 66% prevalence for ARDS survivors at one year; the paper cites an ARDS-specific study in its References but does not report that figure here. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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1 of the 77 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [56]Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Brummel NE, Thompson JL, Hughes CG, Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and functional disability in survivors of critical illness in the BRAIN-ICU study: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2014 5; 2(5): 369– 79. 24815803 PMC4107313
  2. [71]Broslawski GE, Elkins M, Algus M. Functional abilities of elderly survivors of intensive care. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1995 12; 95(12): 712– 7. 8557555
  3. [73]Quality of Life After Mechanized Ventilation in the Elderly Study Investigators. 2-month mortality and functional status of critically ill adult patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2002 2; 121(2): 549– 58. 11834671

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Authors
Rabiee, A., Nikayin, S., Hashem, M. D., Huang, M., Dinglas, V. D., Bienvenu, O. J., Turnbull, A. E., & Needham, D. M.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Venue
Critical Care Medicine
Published
2016-09
Volume
44
Issue
9
Pages
1744-1753
ISSN
0090-3493 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2364261361
Cited by
434
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 3
FWCI
4.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R24HL111895)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Radiological and Ultrasound Technology › Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
depressive symptoms, critical illness, intensive care unit survivors, prevalence, natural history (disease), risk factors, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
MeSH terms
Adult, Critical Care, Depression, Humans, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Critical Illness

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