Cited by 713Sleep and related disordersObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

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Insomnia and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis

Sofi, Francesco, Cesari, Francesca, Casini, Alessandro, Macchi, Claudio, Abbate, Rosanna, Gensini, Gian Franco·2014·European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

DOI 10.1177/2047487312460020

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence suggests an association between insomnia and cardiovascular disease. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of all the available prospective studies that investigated the association between insomnia and risk of developing and/or dying from cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. METHODS: We conducted an electronic literature search through MedLine, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and bibliographies of retrieved articles up to December 2011. Studies were included if they were prospective, had assessment of insomnia or sleep complaints at baseline, evaluated subjects free of cardiovascular disease at baseline and measured the association between insomnia and risk of developing and/or dying from cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: After the review process 13 prospective studies were included in the final analysis. These studies included 122,501 subjects followed for a time ranging from three to 20 years. A total of 6332 cardiovascular events occurred during the follow-up. Insomnia was assessed through questionnaire and defined as either difficulty of initiating or maintaining sleep or presence of restless, disturbed nights. The cumulative analysis for all the studies under a random-effects model showed that insomnia determined an increased risk (+45%) of developing or dying from cardiovascular disease during the follow-up (relative risk 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.29-1.62; p < 0.00001), with no evidence of heterogeneity across the studies (I 2: 19%; p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: Insomnia is associated with an increased risk of developing and/or dying from cardiovascular disease.

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Authors: Sofi, F., Cesari, F., Casini, A., Macchi, C., Abbate, R., & Gensini, G. F.
Affiliations: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (IT)
Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation (IT)
University of Florence (IT)
Corresponding author: Sofi, Francesco
ORCID: Sofi, Francesco
Cesari, Francesca
Casini, Alessandro
Macchi, Claudio
Venue: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2012-08-31
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 57-64
ISSN: 2047-4873 (ISSN-L)
2047-4881
DOI: 10.1177/2047487312460020
OpenAlex: W2121052523
Cited by: 713
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13
FWCI: 2.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: insomnia, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, sleep disorders, sleep complaints, risk factors
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Risk Factors, Sleep, Chi-Square Distribution, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment

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Insomnia and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis

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