Low-fat and high-fat dairy products are differently related to blood lipids and cardiovascular risk score
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fat content of dairy foods is diverse, potentially leading to varying effects on cardiovascular risk. We studied relationships of low- and high-fat dairy products with lipids and level of cardiovascular risk (assessed by the SCORE equation), in a cross-sectional population survey conducted in three French areas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A sample of 3078 participants aged 35-64 years underwent a standardized cardiovascular risk assessment. Subjects were asked to record the types and amounts of foods and beverages they consumed over a three-consecutive-day period. Dairy products were separated into two groups: the low-fat group comprised milk (including milk in desserts and beverages), yogurts and cottage cheese, whereas other cheeses formed the high-fat group. RESULTS: After adjustment (including physical activity and a diet quality score), the probability of an increased cardiovascular mortality score (≥1%) decreased from the lowest to the highest quartile (Q) of low-fat dairy intake: odds ratio (OR) ORQ1 = 1; ORQ2 = 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.73-1.10), ORQ3 = 0.78 (0.63-0.97) and ORQ4 = 0.68 (0.55-0.85) for the first, second, third and fourth quartile, respectively. Results were notably different for high-fat dairy intake: ORQ2 = 1.02 (0.82-1.25); ORQ3 = 0.90 (0.73-1.11); ORQ4 = 1.07 (0.86-1.32). Intake of low-fat dairy products was inversely associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but no significant independent relationship was found with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides. None of the lipid parameters was significantly associated with the consumption of high-fat dairy products. CONCLUSION: Participants with the highest intake of low-fat dairy products had the lowest mortality risk score and exhibited the best LDL-C profile. Such favourable associations were not observed with cheese consumption.
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Increased low-fat dairy consumption is associated with lower LDL-C, triglycerides, plasma insulin, insulin resistance, waist circumference, BMI, possibly BP, and reduced diabetes risk.
“However, increased low-fat dairy consumption is associated with lower LDL-C, triglycerides, plasma insulin, insulin resistance, waist circumference, BMI, possibly blood pressure (BP); and reduced diabetes risk (174–182).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [175]
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- Authors
- Kai, S. H. Y., Bongard, V., Simon, C., Ruidavets, J.-B., Arveiler, D., Dallongeville, J., Wagner, A., Amouyel, P., & Ferrières, J.
- Affiliations
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- Lyon 1 Université (FR)
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- Université de Strasbourg (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Ferrières, Jean
- Venue
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1557-1567
- ISSN
- 2047-4873 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-4881
- OpenAlex
- W2168656489
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 4.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-05-PNRA-0018, ANR-05-PNRA-018, ANR-05)
- Université de Toulouse
- Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- low-fat dairy, cardiovascular risk, SCORE risk score, serum lipids, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, cheese consumption, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, dietary fat intake, cardiovascular mortality risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dairy Products, Dietary Fats, Feeding Behavior, Female, France, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Nutrition Assessment, Diet Records, Chi-Square Distribution, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Diet, High-Fat, Protective Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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