Gingival fluid inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension in African Americans
Open accessAbstract
Hypertension and periodontitis are highly prevalent among African Americans. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships among inflammatory biomarkers in the gingival fluid, periodontitis, and blood pressure in these individuals. Twenty-one subjects who reported a diagnosis of hypertension and a comparison group of 26 nonhypertensive participants were enrolled. All were African Americans, non–cigarette smoking, and free from other systemic illness. Blood pressure and body mass index were assessed. A comprehensive periodontal examination was performed. Gingival fluid was collected from 3 healthy sites and 3 diseased sites when available. Samples were assessed for 8-isoprostane, interleukin 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase 8. Regardless of hypertension status, diseased sites were associated with increased levels of these biomarkers. CRP and TNFα levels were also significantly higher in hypertensive than nonhypertensive individuals without diseased sites. After adjusting for demographics and body mass index, periodontal attachment loss was higher among hypertensive than nonhypertensive subjects. TNFα and CRP levels and hypertension were in the same association pathway with attachment loss. Elevated blood pressure may increase the risk of periodontitis through a localized inflammatory mechanism. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians to better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis in hypertensive individuals in general and African Americans in particular. The information could lead to better management of periodontal disease.
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Patients with hypertension presented with almost twice as much periodontal clinical attachment loss as controls (mean ± SEM: 0.87 ± 0.13 vs 0.49 ± 0.11).
“In addition, patients with hypertension presented with almost twice as much periodontal clinical attachment loss (CAL) as controls (Mean þ SEM in HTN = 0.87 ± 0.13 vs. non-HTN = 0.49 ± 0.11).”
From Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
In patients with periodontal pockets, increased levels of 8-isoprostane, IL-1B, MCP-1, TNFa, CRP, and MMP-8 were observed independent of hypertension status.
“They reported that independent of hypertension present or absent, an increased level of these biomarkers was observed when patients had periodontal pockets.”
From Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Khocht, A., Rogers, T., Janal, M. N., & Brown, M.
- Affiliations
- Loma Linda University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- New York University (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Khocht, A.
- Venue
- JDR Clinical & Translational Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-02-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 269-277
- ISSN
- 2380-0844 (ISSN-L)
- 2380-0852
- PMC
- PMC5576055
- OpenAlex
- W2590308756
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JDR Clinical & Translational Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (RO1 HL085497)
- National Institute on Aging (Grant KO1AG019640)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- hypertension, periodontitis, gingival crevicular fluid, inflammatory markers, African Americans, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, 8-isoprostane, IL-1β, MCP-1, matrix metalloproteinase-8, periodontal attachment loss, blood pressure, body mass index
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