The nature and effects of cortical microvascular pathology in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Age-related and amyloid-induced pathology of the cerebral microvasculature have been implicated as potential contributing factors to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The microvasculature plays a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis and deterioration of its integrity may have deleterious effects on brain function in AD, possibly leading to neurofibrillary degeneration, plaque formation, and cell loss. Brain vessels possess peculiar anatomical and physiological properties owing to their role in the exchange processes of various substances between blood and brain, which are highly regulated for the maintenance of ionic homeostasis of the neuronal environment. Here we review neuropathological aspects of cortical microvessels in aging and AD in relationship to known cardiovascular risk factors and their possible impact on the cognitive decline seen in late-onset dementia.
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In Alzheimer's disease, post mortem human studies show reduced capillary length and microvascular degeneration with diminished tight junction protein expression, capillary basement membrane alterations, and brain endothelial degeneration.
“Further evidence of BBB breakdown in AD is repeatedly observed in numerous post mortem human studies showing reduced capillary length and microvascular degeneration with diminished TJ protein expression, capillary basement membrane alterations, and brain endothelial degeneration (36, 40, 230, 516, 527, 656).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Bailey, T. L., Rivara, C. B., Rocher, A. B., & Hof, P. R.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Venue
- Neurological Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 573-578
- ISSN
- 0161-6412 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-1328
- OpenAlex
- W2005824957
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurological Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-02219, AG 05138, P50AG005138, P01AG002219)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, cerebral microvasculature, aging, amyloid, neurofibrillary degeneration, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive decline, dementia, blood-brain barrier, ion homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Humans, Microcirculation
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