Robust neuroinflammation and perivascular pathology in rTg-DI rats, a novel model of microvascular cerebral amyloid angiopathy
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Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cerebral small vessel disease of the aged and a prominent comorbidity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). CAA can promote a variety of vascular-related pathologies including neuroinflammation, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhages, which can all contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Our understanding of the pathogenesis of CAA remains limited and further investigation of this condition requires better preclinical animal models that more accurately reflect the human disease. Recently, we generated a novel transgenic rat model for CAA (rTg-DI) that develops robust and progressive microvascular CAA, consistent microhemorrhages and behavioral deficits. Methods: In the current study, we investigated perivascular pathological processes that accompany the onset and progressive accumulation of microvascular CAA in this model. Cohorts of rTg-DI rats were aged to 3 months with the onset of CAA and to 12 months with advanced stage disease and then quantitatively analyzed for progression of CAA, perivascular glial activation, inflammatory markers, and perivascular stress. Results: The rTg-DI rats developed early-onset and robust accumulation of microvascular amyloid. As the disease progressed, rTg-DI rats exhibited increased numbers of astrocytes and activated microglia which were accompanied by expression of a distinct subset of inflammatory markers, perivascular pericyte degeneration, astrocytic caspase 3 activation, and disruption of neuronal axonal integrity. Conclusions: Taken together, these results demonstrate that rTg-DI rats faithfully mimic numerous aspects of human microvascular CAA and provide new experimental insight into the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and perivascular stress associated with the onset and progression of this condition, suggesting new potential therapeutic targets for this condition. The rTg-DI rats provide an improved preclinical platform for developing new biomarkers and testing therapeutic strategies for microvascular CAA.
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Previous immunohistochemical studies in AD patients and in a transgenic rat model of CAA have found that CAA type 1, i.e., amyloid deposition in the capillary vessels, was associated with perivascular inflammation.
“On the other hand, previous immunohistochemical studies in AD patients and in a transgenic rat model of CAA have found that CAA type 1, i.e., amyloid deposition in the capillary vessels, was associated with perivascular inflammation [39, 40].”
From Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the neurotrophic factor neuroleukin are increased in early Alzheimer’s disease, but not in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
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Self-citationLongitudinal markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and related inflammation in rTg-DI rats
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Self-citationFunctional abnormalities of the glymphatic system in cognitive disorders
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Complement 3 Is a Potential Biomarker for Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
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rTg-D: A novel transgenic rat model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy Type-2
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Aβ40 Fibril Assembly on Human Cerebral Smooth Muscle Cells Impairs Cell Viability
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Vervuurt, M., Schrader, J. M., de Kort, A. M., Kersten, I., Wessels, H. J. C. T., Klijn, C. J. M., Schreuder, F. H. B. M., Kuiperij, H. B., Gloerich, J., Nostrand, W. E. V., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24965944
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- Authors
- Zhu, X., Hatfield, J., Sullivan, J. K., Xu, F., & Van Nostrand, W. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2020-03-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-78
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7055091
- OpenAlex
- W3011216085
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS094201, NS091969)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neuroinflammation, pericyte degeneration, astrocyte activation, microglial activation, caspase-3, axonal integrity, microhemorrhages, vascular cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, preclinical animal models
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Inflammation, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Rats, Rats, Transgenic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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