Folic acid and autism: What do we know?
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist in a range of neurodevelopmental conditions that share common features with autism, such as impairments in communication and social interaction, repetitive behaviors, stereotypies, and a limited repertoire of interests and activities. Some studies have reported that folic acid supplementation could be associated with a higher incidence of autism, and therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of studies involving relationships between this molecule and ASD. The MEDLINE database was searched for studies written in English which evaluated the relationship between autism and folate. The initial search yielded 60 potentially relevant articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. The agreement between reviewers was κ = 0.808. The articles included in the present study addressed topics related to the prescription of vitamins, the association between folic acid intake/supplementation during pregnancy and the incidence of autism, food intake, and/or nutrient supplementation in children/adolescents with autism, the evaluation of serum nutrient levels, and nutritional interventions targeting ASD. Regarding our main issue, namely the effect of folic acid supplementation, especially in pregnancy, the few and contradictory studies present inconsistent conclusions. Epidemiological associations are not reproduced in most of the other types of studies. Although some studies have reported lower folate levels in patients with ASD, the effects of folate-enhancing interventions on the clinical symptoms have yet to be confirmed.
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Studies indicate prenatal vitamin supplementation close to delivery might reduce the risk of autism in offspring, with folate receiving considerable attention.
“Studies indicate prenatal vitamin supplementation close to delivery might reduce the risk of autism in offspring, with folate (vitamin, B9, folic acid, folacin) receiving considerable attention [231–233].”
From The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [233]
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- Authors
- Castro, K., Klein, L. D. S., Baronio, D., Gottfried, C., Riesgo, R., & Perry, I. S.
- Affiliations
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (BR)
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (CESAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Corresponding author
- Castro, Kamila
- Venue
- Nutritional Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 310-317
- ISSN
- 1028-415X (ISSN-L)
- 1476-8305
- OpenAlex
- W2020580235
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutritional Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- folic acid, autism spectrum disorder, folic acid supplementation, autism incidence, serum folate, dietary intervention, vitamin supplementation, children and adolescents with autism, dietary intake
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Diet, Female, Folic Acid, Folic Acid Deficiency, Homocysteine, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Incidence, Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Evidence-Based Medicine, Dietary Supplements, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Fetal Development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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