The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exosomes released from macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens stimulate a proinflammatory response in vitro and in vivo
Open accessAbstract
Intracellular pathogens and the molecules they express have limited contact with the immune system. Here, we show that macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M bovis BCG, Salmonella typhimurium, or Toxoplasma gondii release from cells small vesicles known as exosomes which contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These exosomes, when exposed to uninfected macrophages, stimulate a proinflammatory response in a Toll-like receptor– and myeloid differentiation factor 88–dependent manner. Further, exosomes isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of M bovis BCG–infected mice contain the mycobacteria components lipoarabinomannan and the 19-kDa lipoprotein and can stimulate TNF-α production in naive macrophages. Moreover, exosomes isolated from M bovis BCG– and M tuberculosis–infected macrophages, when injected intranasally into mice, stimulate TNF-α and IL-12 production as well as neutrophil and macrophage recruitment in the lung. These studies identify a previously unknown function for exosomes in promoting intercellular communication during an immune response to intracellular pathogens, and we hypothesize that extracellular release of exosomes containing PAMPs is an important mechanism of immune surveillance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.
Raposo, G., Nijman, H. W., Stoorvogel, W., Liejendekker, R., Harding, C. V., Melief, C. J., & Geuze, H. J. (1996) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.183.3.1161 · Cited by 3,546
Apoptosis facilitates antigen presentation to T lymphocytes through MHC-I and CD1 in tuberculosis
Schaible, U. E., Winau, F., Sieling, P. A., Fischer, K., Collins, H. L., Hagens, K., Modlin, R. L., Brinkmann, V., & Kaufmann, S. H. E. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm906 · Cited by 546
Apoptotic Vesicles Crossprime CD8 T Cells and Protect against Tuberculosis
Winau, F., Weber, S., Sad, S., de Diego, J., Hoops, S. L., Breiden, B., Sandhoff, K., Brinkmann, V., Kaufmann, S. H. E., & Schaible, U. E. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.12.001 · Cited by 395
Cited by
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
Yáñez‐Mó, M., Siljander, P. R. ‐., Andreu, Z., Bedina Zavec, A., Borràs, F. E., Buzas, E. I., Buzas, K., Casal, E., Cappello, F., Carvalho, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v4.27066 · Cited by 5,926
Regulation of immune responses by extracellular vesicles
Robbins, P. D., & Morelli, A. E. (2014) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3622 · Cited by 2,260
Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Cell-to-Cell Mediators of Metastasis
Becker, A., Thakur, B. K., Weiss, J. M., Kim, H. S., Peinado, H., & Lyden, D. (2016) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.009 · Cited by 2,003
Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson’s disease therapy
Haney, M. J., Klyachko, N. L., Zhao, Y., Gupta, R., Plotnikova, E. G., He, Z., Patel, T., Piroyan, A., Sokolsky, M., Kabanov, A. V., et al. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.033 · Cited by 2,009
Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials – an ISEV position paper
Lener, T., Gimona, M., Aigner, L., Börger, V., Buzas, E., Camussi, G., Chaput, N., Chatterjee, D., Court, F. A., del Portillo, H. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v4.30087 · Cited by 1,491
Metadata
- Authors
- Bhatnagar, S., Shinagawa, K., Castellino, F. J., & Schorey, J. S.
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2007-11-01
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3234-3244
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- OpenAlex
- W1996649087
- Cited by
- 633
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 4.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Exosomes released from macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens stimulate a proinflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1182/blood-2007-03-079152
- The paper
- Bhatnagar, S., Shinagawa, K., Castellino, F. J., & Schorey, J. S. (2007). Exosomes released from macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens stimulate a proinflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-03-079152
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
