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The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia
Open accessAbstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues was last updated in 2008. Since then, there have been numerous advances in the identification of unique biomarkers associated with some myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias, largely derived from gene expression analysis and next-generation sequencing that can significantly improve the diagnostic criteria as well as the prognostic relevance of entities currently included in the WHO classification and that also suggest new entities that should be added. Therefore, there is a clear need for a revision to the current classification. The revisions to the categories of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia will be published in a monograph in 2016 and reflect a consensus of opinion of hematopathologists, hematologists, oncologists, and geneticists. The 2016 edition represents a revision of the prior classification rather than an entirely new classification and attempts to incorporate new clinical, prognostic, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic data that have emerged since the last edition. The major changes in the classification and their rationale are presented here.
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“EPI-CT also evaluated risk using the revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue malignancies27,28.”
From Risk of hematological malignancies from CT radiation exposure in children, adolescents and young adults (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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“For CML patients, disease diagnosis and progression were defined according to the 2016 edition of World Health Organization criteria.75”
From Integrated drug profiling and CRISPR screening identify BCR::ABL1-independent vulnerabilities in chronic myeloid leukemia (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
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Nazha, A., Komrokji, R., Meggendorfer, M., Jia, X., Radakovich, N., Shreve, J., Hilton, C. B., Nagata, Y., Hamilton, B. K., Mukherjee, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.02810 · Cited by 169
Pollyea, D. A., Pratz, K. W., Letai, A. G., Jonas, B. A., Wei, A. H., Pullarkat, V. A., Konopleva, M. Y., Thirman, M. J., Arellano, M. L., Becker, P. S., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.26039 · Cited by 167
Szuber, N., Mudireddy, M., Nicolosi, M., Penna, D., Vallapureddy, R. R., Lasho, T. L., Finke, C. M., Begna, K. H., Elliott, M. A., Hook, C. C., et al. (2019) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.022 · Cited by 172
Metabolic Plasticity of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Kreitz, J., Schönfeld, C., Seibert, M., Stolp, V., Alshamleh, I., Oellerich, T., Steffen, B., Schwalbe, H., Schnütgen, F., Kurrle, N., et al. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8080805 · Cited by 177
Taube, F., Georgi, J.-A., Krämer, M., Stasik, S., Middeke, J. M., Röllig, C., Krug, U. O., Krämer, A., Scholl, S., Hochhaus, A., et al. (2021) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2020009680 · Cited by 167
McMullin, M. F., Harrison, C. N., Ali, S., Cargo, C. A., Chen, F. E., Ewing, J. C., Garg, M. K., Godfrey, A. L., Knapper, S., McLornan, D. P., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.15648 · Cited by 180
Evaluating measurable residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia
Ravandi, F., Walter, R. B., & Freeman, S. D. (2018) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018016378 · Cited by 168
Fenaux, P., Haase, D. T., Santini, V., Sanz, G. F., Platzbecker, U., & Mey, U. (2020) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.11.002 · Cited by 176
“Diagnosis of MDS is based on blood and bone marrow examination, showing blood cytopaenias, generally hypercellular (but sometimes hypocellular) marrow with dysplasia, with or without an excess of blasts.(16) Well-established diagnostic tools for MDS with widespread availability are peripheral and differential blood co…”
BackgroundInfluentialGerm line DDX41 mutations define a unique subtype of myeloid neoplasms
Makishima, H., Saiki, R., Nannya, Y., Korotev, S. C., Gurnari, C., Takeda, J., Momozawa, Y., Best, S., Krishnamurthy, P., Yoshizato, T., et al. (2022) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2022018221 · Cited by 165
Self-citationMyeloproliferative neoplasms: from origins to outcomes
Nangalia, J., & Green, A. R. (2017) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2017-06-782037 · Cited by 167
Primary myelofibrosis: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Tefferi, A. (2016) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.24592 · Cited by 163
CD123 as a Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies
Testa, U., Pelosi, E., & Castelli, G. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11091358 · Cited by 160
Teachey, D. T., & O’Connor, D. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019001557 · Cited by 156
Palandri, F., Breccia, M., Bonifacio, M., Polverelli, N., Elli, E. M., Benevolo, G., Tiribelli, M., Abruzzese, E., Iurlo, A., Heidel, F. H., et al. (2019) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.32664 · Cited by 156
ClinGen Myeloid Malignancy Variant Curation Expert Panel recommendations for germline RUNX1 variants
Luo, X., Feurstein, S. K., Mohan, S., Porter, C. C., Jackson, S. A., Keel, S., Chicka, M. C., Brown, A. L., Kesserwan, C. A., Agarwal, A., et al. (2019) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000644 · Cited by 158
Dworzak, M. N., Buldini, B., Gaipa, G., Ratei, R., Hrušák, O., Luria, D., Rosenthal, E., Bourquin, J., Sartor, M. M., Schumich, A., et al. (2017) · Cytometry Part B Clinical Cytometry · doi:10.1002/cyto.b.21518 · Cited by 153
Characterization and risk estimate of cancer in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome
on behalf of the SS Study Group GEAS-SEMI, Brito‐Zerón, P., Kostov, B., Fraile, G., Caravia-Durán, D., Maure, B., Rascón, F.-J., Zamora, M., Casanovas, A., López-Dupla, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0464-5 · Cited by 153
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Advances in germline predisposition to acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms
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Risk of hematologic malignancies after radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer
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High prevalence of myeloid neoplasms in adults with non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis
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NCCN Guidelines Insights: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Version 2.2018
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Aggressive B-cell lymphomas in patients with myelofibrosis receiving JAK1/2 inhibitor therapy
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“Before 2001, MDS and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) were not captured in SEER.39,40 To evaluate the impact of these changes, we performed a secondary analysis of myeloid malignancies, including MDS and MPN (Data Supplement), using SEER-18 (2000-2017),41 which covers a shorter timeframe but larger US population pro…”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Arber, D. A., Orazi, A., Hasserjian, R., Thiele, J., Borowitz, M. J., Le Beau, M. M., Bloomfield, C. D., Cazzola, M., & Vardiman, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL;
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (US)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2016-05-19
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 2391-2405
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- OpenAlex
- W2339658711
- Cited by
- 10,119
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 370 · 2025: 615 · 2024: 875 · 2023: 1132 · 2022: 1265 · 2021: 1424 · 2020: 1187 · 2019: 998 · 2018: 954 · 2017: 797 · 2016: 320
- FWCI
- 145.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2016-07-21)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Celgene
- Incyte
- Sysmex Corporation
- Genentech
- Takeda Oncology
- Pharmacyclics
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatments
- Keywords
- WHO classification of hematologic neoplasms, myeloid neoplasms, acute leukemia, diagnostic criteria, prognostic factors, gene expression profiling, next-generation sequencing, immunophenotyping, morphological classification, new disease entity
- MeSH terms
- Down Syndrome, Eosinophilia, Humans, Leukemia, Myeloid, Mastocytosis, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Myeloproliferative Disorders, World Health Organization, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion, Cell Lineage, Myeloid Cells, Genes, Neoplasm, Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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