American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) complicates ∼1.2 of every 1000 deliveries. Despite these low absolute risks, pregnancy-associated VTE is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) are intended to support patients, clinicians and others in decisions about the prevention and management of pregnancy-associated VTE. METHODS: ASH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The McMaster University GRADE Centre supported the guideline development process, including updating or performing systematic evidence reviews. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess evidence and make recommendations. RESULTS: The panel agreed on 31 recommendations related to the treatment of VTE and superficial vein thrombosis, diagnosis of VTE, and thrombosis prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong recommendation for low-molecular-weight heparin (LWMH) over unfractionated heparin for acute VTE. Most recommendations were conditional, including those for either twice-per-day or once-per-day LMWH dosing for the treatment of acute VTE and initial outpatient therapy over hospital admission with low-risk acute VTE, as well as against routine anti-factor Xa (FXa) monitoring to guide dosing with LMWH for VTE treatment. There was a strong recommendation (low certainty in evidence) for antepartum anticoagulant prophylaxis with a history of unprovoked or hormonally associated VTE and a conditional recommendation against antepartum anticoagulant prophylaxis with prior VTE associated with a resolved nonhormonal provoking risk factor.
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The ASH 2018 guidelines strongly recommend both antepartum and postpartum thromboprophylaxis in women with prior VTE related to high estrogen states, based on low-certainty evidence.
“The ASH 2018 guidelines strongly recommend both antepartum and postpartum thromboprophylaxis in these patients, although this is based on low-certainty evidence [109].”
From Estrogen and thrombosis: a bench to bedside review (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Bates, S. M., Rajasekhar, A., Middeldorp, S., McLintock, C., Rodger, M. A., James, A. H., Vazquez, S. R., Greer, I. A., Riva, J. J., Bhatt, M., Schwab, N., Barrett, D., LaHaye, A., & Rochwerg, B.
- Affiliations
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (CA)
- University of Florida Health (US)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Auckland City Hospital (NZ)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC;
- University of Utah (US)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- McMaster University (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Alexandria, VA; and
- ORCID
- Venue
- Blood Advances
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2018-11-27
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 3317-3359
- ISSN
- 2473-9529 (ISSN-L)
- 2473-9537
- PMC
- PMC6258928
- OpenAlex
- W2903022860
- Cited by
- 625
- References
- 240
- Citations by year
- 2026: 94 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 45.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Blood Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
- Keywords
- venous thromboembolism, pregnancy, thromboprophylaxis, low molecular weight heparin, unfractionated heparin, anti-factor Xa monitoring, superficial thrombophlebitis, VTE diagnosis, maternal morbidity, anticoagulant dosing
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Anticoagulants, Breast Feeding, Female, Fibrinolytic Agents, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Evidence-Based Medicine, Venous Thromboembolism
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