Cited by 719Diabetes Treatment and ManagementPharmacology and Obesity TreatmentDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years

Klonoff, David C., Buse, John B., Nielsen, Loretta L., Guan, Xuesong, Bowlus, Christopher L., Holcombe, John H., Wintle, Matthew E., Maggs, David G.·2008·Current Medical Research and Opinion

DOI 10.1185/030079908x253870

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exenatide, an incretin mimetic for adjunctive treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), reduced hemoglobin A(1c) (A1C) and weight in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of > or = 3 years exenatide therapy on glycemic control, body weight, cardiometabolic markers, and safety. METHODS: Patients from three placebo-controlled trials and their open-label extensions were enrolled into one open-ended, open-label clinical trial. Patients were randomized to twice daily (BID) placebo, 5 mug exenatide, or 10 mug exenatide for 30 weeks, followed by 5 mug exenatide BID for 4 weeks, then 10 mug exenatide BID for > or = 3 years of exenatide exposure. Patients continued metformin and/or sulfonylureas. RESULTS: 217 patients (64% male, age 58 +/- 10 years, weight 99 +/- 18 kg, BMI 34 +/- 5 kg/m(2), A1C 8.2 +/- 1.0% [mean +/- SD]) completed 3 years of exenatide exposure. Reductions in A1C from baseline to week 12 (-1.1 +/- 0.1% [mean +/- SEM]) were sustained to 3 years (-1.0 +/- 0.1%; p < 0.0001), with 46% achieving A1C < or = 7%. Exenatide progressively reduced body weight from baseline (-5.3 +/- 0.4 kg at 3 years; p < 0.0001). Patients with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at baseline (n = 116) had reduced ALT (-10.4 +/- 1.5 IU/L; p < 0.0001) and 41% achieved normal ALT. Patients with elevated ALT at baseline tended to lose more weight than patients with normal ALT at baseline (-6.1 +/- 0.6 kg vs. -4.4 +/- 0.5 kg; p = 0.03), however weight change was minimally correlated with baseline ALT (r = -0.01) or ALT change (r = 0.31). Homeostasis Model Assessment B (HOMA-B), blood pressure, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) all improved. A subset achieved 3.5 years of exenatide exposure and had serum lipids available for analysis (n = 151). Triglycerides decreased 12% (p = 0.0003), total cholesterol decreased 5% (p = 0.0007), LDL-C decreased 6% (p < 0.0001), and HDL-C increased 24% (p < 0.0001). Exenatide was generally well tolerated. The most frequent adverse event was mild-to-moderate nausea. The main limitation of this study is the open-label, uncontrolled nature of the study design which does not provide a placebo group for comparison. CONCLUSION: Adjunctive exenatide treatment for > or = 3 years in T2DM patients resulted in sustained improvements in glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and hepatic biomarkers, coupled with progressive weight reduction.

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Self-citation
Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea
Kendall, D. M., Riddle, M. C., Rosenstock, J., Zhuang, D., Kim, D. D., Fineman, M. S., & Baron, A. D. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1083 · Cited by 1,177 · cited 1×
“In addition, principal investi gators for the Exenatide-112, 112E, 113, 113E, 115, and 115E clinical studies antecedent to the Exenatide-119 study are listed in the following references: DeFronzo et al., 2005; Buse et al., 2004; Kendall et al., 2005; Blonde et al., 2006.”
Background
Metformin: An Update
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Authors: Klonoff, D. C., Buse, J. B., Nielsen, L. L., Guan, X., Bowlus, C. L., Holcombe, J. H., Wintle, M. E., & Maggs, D. G.
Affiliations: Mills Peninsula Health Services (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. San Diego, CAUSA
University of California, Davis (US)
Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Nielsen, Loretta L.
ORCID: Klonoff, David C.
Buse, John B.
Bowlus, Christopher L.
Venue: Current Medical Research and Opinion
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2007-12-03
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 275-286
ISSN: 0300-7995 (ISSN-L)
1473-4877
DOI: 10.1185/030079908x253870
OpenAlex: W2070710390
Cited by: 699
References: 37
Citations by year: 2025: 16 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 90
FWCI: 49.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Current Medical Research and Opinion (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: exenatide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, weight loss, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors, alanine aminotransferase, hepatic safety, long-term treatment, metformin, sulfonylureas, HOMA, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL/HDL ratio
MeSH terms: Exenatide, Aged, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Peptides, Placebos, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Venoms, Biomarkers, Pharmacological

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Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated for at least 3 years

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