The Role of Basal Insulin and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists in the Therapeutic Management of Type 2 Diabetes—A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been revolutionized by the introduction of novel therapeutic regimens following the clinical approval of the long-acting basal insulin glargine 10 years ago, followed by insulin detemir and, more recently, agents that target the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 system with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4)-resistant products, such as liraglutide and exenatide, and DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, and vildagliptin. The position and clinical efficacy of the GLP-1 mimetics are less well understood, however, and how they should be best used in the context of the established clinical efficacy of long-acting insulin analogs is yet to be defined. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the efficacy, safety, and weight changes associated with long-acting insulin analogs (insulin glargine and insulin detemir) and two GLP-1 mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and BIOSIS databases were searched with a timeframe of January 1, 2003-January 12, 2009 using the following terms: "Insulin glargine," with the co-indexing terms "LANTUS" and "HOE901"; "Insulin detemir," with the co-indexing term "Levemir"; "Exenatide"; and "Liraglutide." This literature review demonstrates that GLP-1 and basal insulin therapies are effective treatment options for insulin-naïve patients with suboptimal glycemic control with oral hypoglycemic agents. There are potential advantages of basal insulin and GLP-1 th…
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Patients routinely insert a new CSII catheter every 2-3 days because insulin absorption into the circulation becomes more variable and less reliable over time.
“Patients routinely insert a new catheter every 2–3 days due to increasing variability of insulin absorption over time.”
From Detailed Analysis of Insulin Absorption Variability and the Tissue Response to Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Catheter Implantation in Swine (2017) · cites this paper as [8]
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- Authors
- Garg, S. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garg, Satish K.
- ORCID
- Garg, Satish K.
- Venue
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-24
- ISSN
- 1520-9156 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8593
- OpenAlex
- W1976216395
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, basal insulin, long-acting insulin analogues, insulin glargine, insulin detemir, GLP-1 receptor agonists, exenatide, liraglutide, DPP-4 inhibitors, glycemic control, weight change, insulin-naive patients, comparative efficacy and safety
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Glargine, Insulin Detemir, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin, Isophane, Insulin, Long-Acting, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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