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Epidemiology and trends for Caesarean section births in New South Wales, Australia: A population-based study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Caesarean section (CS) rates around the world have been increasing and in Australia have reached 30% of all births. Robson's Ten-Group Classification System (10-group classification) provides a clinically relevant classification of CS rates that provides a useful basis for international comparisons and trend analyses. This study aimed to investigate trends in CS rates in New South Wales (NSW), including trends in the components of the 10-group classification. Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional study using data from the Midwives Data Collection, a state-wide surveillance system that monitors patterns of pregnancy care, services and pregnancy outcomes in New South Wales, Australia. The study population included all women giving birth between 1 st January 1998 and 31st December 2008. Descriptive statistics are presented including age-standardised CS rates, annual percentage change as well as regression analyses. Results: From 1998 to 2008 the CS rate in NSW increased from 19.1 to 29.5 per 100 births. There was a significant average annual increase in primary 4.3% (95%CI 3.0-5.7%) and repeat 4.8% (95% CI 3.9-5.7%) CS rates from 1998 to 2008. After adjusting for maternal and pregnancy factors, the increase in CS delivery over time was maintained. When examining CS rates classified according to the 10-group classification, the greatest contributors to the overall CS rate and the largest annual increases occurred among nulliparae at term having elective CS and multipara having elective repeat CS. Conclusions: Given that the increased CS rate cannot be explained by known and collected maternal or pregnancy characteristics, the increase may be related to differences in clinical decision making or maternal request. Future efforts to reduce the overall CS rate should be focussed on reducing the primary CS rate.
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“growth that cannot be explained by increases in obstetric risk factors, including those associated with delayed and multiple infant pregnancy and maternal obesity3–6”
From The relation between cesarean birth and child cognitive development (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
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“This is in contrast to the USA where increases appear to be similar across all gestational age categories [4].”
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“Previous research has highlighted potential reasons for the increasing CS rate including maternal request [14,15] and associated ethical and litigious issues, [15-17] obesity [18,19] and increasing maternal age [20-22].”
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“The decision to perform a primary CS has important implications for maternal morbidity in the current pregnancy and mode of delivery and maternal morbidity in subsequent pregnancies [11-13].”
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“Such research has demonstrated that primary CS rates appear to be unrelated to the medical risk profile of mothers, and change in a similar pattern to the overall CS rates [23].”
Background
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“The similar CS rates have also been published by RCOG 18 and Stavrou EP et al.(19) The high caesarean section rate in Group 10 was mainly to improve the fetal outcome.”
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“However, the cesarean section rate is dramatically increasing around the world (2-4).”
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“When compared with other studies internationally, almost all studies conveyed comparable results in groups 6-10.(11,15) The study results showed that one third (46%) of the total CS rate was contributed by Group 5 (1308 repeat CS out of 1334 laboring women with previous 1 CS), which is slightly higher than other studi…”
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Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Stavrou, E. P., Ford, J. B., Shand, A. W., Morris, J. M., & Roberts, C. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Ford, Jane B
- Venue
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Published
- 2011-01-20
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8-8
- ISSN
- 1471-2393 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3037931
- OpenAlex
- W2085744854
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 18.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (573122)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- cesarean section rate, primary cesarean section, repeat cesarean section, elective cesarean section, nulliparous women, multiparous women, term pregnancy, clinical decision-making, New South Wales
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cesarean Section, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Maternal Age, Middle Aged, New South Wales, Parity, Pregnancy, Regression Analysis, Elective Surgical Procedures, Cesarean Section, Repeat, Young Adult
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