The psychometric properties of three self-report screening instruments for identifying frail older people in the community
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BACKGROUND: Frailty is highly prevalent in older people. Its serious adverse consequences, such as disability, are considered to be a public health problem. Therefore, disability prevention in community-dwelling frail older people is considered to be a priority for research and clinical practice in geriatric care. With regard to disability prevention, valid screening instruments are needed to identify frail older people in time. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the psychometric properties of three screening instruments: the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the Sherbrooke Postal Questionnaire (SPQ). For validation purposes the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) was added. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 687 community-dwelling older people (> or = 70 years). Agreement between instruments, internal consistency, and construct validity of instruments were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The response rate was 77%. Prevalence estimates of frailty ranged from 40% to 59%. The highest agreement was found between the GFI and the TFI (Cohen's kappa = 0.74). Cronbach's alpha for the GFI, the TFI and the SPQ was 0.73, 0.79 and 0.26, respectively. Scores on the three instruments correlated significantly with each other (GFI - TFI, r = 0.87; GFI - SPQ, r = 0.47; TFI - SPQ, r = 0.42) and with the GARS (GFI - GARS, r = 0.57; TFI - GARS, r = 0.61; SPQ - GARS, r = 0.46). The GFI and the TFI scores were, as expected, significantly related to age, sex, education and income. CONCLUSIONS: The GFI and the TFI showed high internal consistency and construct validity in contrast to the SPQ. Based on these findings it is not yet possible to conclude whether the GFI or the TFI should be preferred; data on the predictive values of both instruments are needed. The SPQ seems less appropriate for postal screening of frailty among community-dwelling older people.
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The timed-up-and-go test and hand grip strength have been investigated as potential single assessments to detect frailty.
“The timed-up-and-go test (TUGT), a simple standardised measure of gait speed that requires a stop watch (105), and hand grip strength that requires a hand-held dynamometer (106), have been investigated as potential single assessments to detect frailty.”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [105]
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- Authors
- Metzelthin, S. F., Daniëls, R., van Rossum, E., de Witte, L., van den Heuvel, W. J., & Kempen, G. I.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Metzelthin, Silke F
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2010-03-31
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 176-176
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2868816
- OpenAlex
- W2065281435
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 6.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Universiteit Maastricht
- Zuyd Hogeschool
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- frailty, frailty screening, community-dwelling older adults, Groningen Frailty Indicator, Tilburg Frailty Indicator, psychometric properties, internal consistency, construct validity, inter-instrument agreement, disability prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Community Health Services, Female, Health Services for the Aged, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Netherlands, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Residence Characteristics, Geriatric Assessment, Prevalence, Frail Elderly, Self Report
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