Frailty: An Emerging Research and Clinical Paradigm--Issues and Controversies
Open accessAbstract
Clinicians and researchers have shown increasing interest in frailty. Yet, there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the concept and its definition. In this article, we present perspectives on key issues and controversies discussed by scientists from 13 different countries, representing a diverse range of disciplines, at the 2006 Second International Working Meeting on Frailty and Aging. The following fundamental questions are discussed: What is the distinction, if any, between frailty and aging? What is its relationship with chronic disease? Is frailty a syndrome or a series of age-related impairments that predict adverse outcomes? What are the critical domains in its operational definition? Is frailty a useful concept? The implications of different models and approaches are examined. Although consensus has yet to be attained, work accomplished to date has opened exciting new horizons. The article concludes with suggested directions for future research.
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How best to operationalize frailty is controversial.
“How best to operationalize frailty is controversial [1-3]”
From A standard procedure for creating a frailty index (2008) · cites this paper as [1]
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Metzelthin, S. F., Daniëls, R., van Rossum, E., de Witte, L., van den Heuvel, W. J., & Kempen, G. I. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-176 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Cadore, E. L., Moneo, A. B. B., Mensat, M. M., Muñoz, A. R., Casas-Herrero, A., Rodriguez-Mañas, L., & Izquierdo, M. (2014) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9599-7 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Frailty: different tools for different purposes?
Martin, F. C., & Brighton, P. (2008) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afn011 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Screening for frailty in Canada’s health care system: A time for action
Muscedere, J., Andrew, M. K., Bagshaw, S. M., Estabrooks, C., Hogan, D., Holroyd-Leduc, J., Howlett, S., Lahey, W., Maxwell, C., McNally, M., et al. (2016) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980816000301 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Casas-Herrero, A., Cadore, E. L., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Idoate, F., Millor, N., Martínez-Ramirez, A., Gómez, M., Rodriguez-Mañas, L., Marcellán, T., de Gordoa, A. R., et al. (2013) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2013.1438 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Mañas, A., del Pozo-Cruz, B., Guadalupe-Grau, A., Marín-Puyalto, J., Alfaro-Acha, A., Rodríguez-Mañas, L., García-García, F. J., & Ara, I. (2018) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.11.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A correspondence analysis revealed frailty deficits aggregate and are multidimensional
Sourial, N., Wolfson, C., Bergman, H., Zhu, B., Karunananthan, S., Quail, J., Fletcher, J., Weiss, D., Bandeen-Roche, K., & Béland, F. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.007 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationBarreto, P. D. S., Ferrandez, A.-M., & Saliba-Serre, B. (2013) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.10.3.359 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes and impaired physical function: a growing problem
Ahmad, E., Sargeant, J. A., Yates, T., Webb, D. R., & Davies, M. J. (2022) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology3010003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms and frailty
St. John, P. D., Tyas, S. L., & Montgomery, P. R. (2013) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.3866 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Wu, C., Geldhof, G. J., Xue, Q.-L., Kim, D. H., Newman, A. B., & Odden, M. C. (2018) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwy041 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dogra, P., Šambula, L., Saini, J., Thangamuthu, K., Athimulam, S., Delivanis, D. A., Baikousi, D. A., Nathani, R., Zhang, C. D., Genere, N., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad113 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mondor, L., Maxwell, C. J., Hogan, D. B., Bronskill, S. E., Campitelli, M. A., Seitz, D. P., & Wodchis, W. P. (2019) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001139 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationOlder men’s definitions of frailty – the Manitoba follow-up study
St. John, P. D., McClement, S. S., Swift, A. U., & Tate, R. B. (2019) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980818000405 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bergman, H., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J., Hogan, D. B., Hummel, S., Karunananthan, S., & Wolfson, C.
- Affiliations
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Bergman, H.
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-07-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 731-737
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC2645660
- OpenAlex
- W2099770557
- Cited by
- 1,134
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 73
- FWCI
- 20.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Université de Montréal) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 AG999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- frailty, aging, chronic disease, age-related impairments, frailty models, adverse outcomes, geriatric syndromes
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Humans, Frail Elderly
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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