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Use of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a conceptual framework and common language for disability statistics and health information systems
Open accessAbstract
A common framework for describing functional status information is needed in order to make this information comparable and of value. The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), which has been approved by all its member states, provides this common language and framework. The article provides an overview of ICF taxonomy, introduces the conceptual model which underpins ICF and elaborates on how ICF is used at population and clinical level. Furthermore, the article presents key features of the ICF tooling environment and outlines current and future developments of the classification.
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“This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement19 guidelines and was registered at the International prospective register of systematic reviews, PROSPERO, under the identification number CRD42016039393.”
From Benchmarks of Significant Change After Aphasia Rehabilitation (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
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“This list of potentially applicable codes included concepts from suitable frameworks to describe patients’ health states as context (eg, labels about environmental factors and dimensions of functioning from the International Classification of Functioning and injury types from the International Classification of Diseas…”
BackgroundConceptual Models of Disability: The Development of the Consideration of Non-Biomedical Aspects
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BackgroundCognitive and emotional predictors of quality of life and functioning after COVID‐19
Ariza, M., Cano, N., Segura, B., Bejar, J., Barruè, C., NAUTILUS Project Collaborative Group, Cortés, C. U., Junqué, C., & Garolera, M. (2023) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51952 · Cited by 18
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BackgroundPersonalized medicine for rare neurogenetic disorders: can we make it happen?Preprint
van Eeghen, A. M., Bruining, H., Wolf, N. I., Bergen, A. A. B., Houtkooper, R. H., van Haelst, M. M., & van Karnebeek, C. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1101/mcs.a006200 · Cited by 18
“The International Classification of Functioning andDisability (ICF) of theWorldHealthOrganization (Kostanjsek 2011) provides a framework to select a combination of outcome measures that capture all components for better understanding of the impact of a diagnosis on all life domains, providing relevant interventions fo…”
MethodDuray, M., Yağcı, N., & Ök, N. (2018) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-170993 · Cited by 16
Kouraki, A., Bast, T., Ferguson, E., & Valdes, A. M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04781-3 · Cited by 18
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Interlimb coupling in poststroke rehabilitation: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Arya, K. N., Pandian, S., Sharma, A., Kumar, V., & Kashyap, V. K. (2019) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10749357.2019.1682368 · Cited by 15
Zhang, M., Yu, J., Shen, W., Zhang, Y., Xiang, Y., Zhang, X., Lin, Z., & Yan, T. (2020) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-020-1019-1 · Cited by 15
“The International Classification of Functioning and Health (ICF) endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2001 is considered the best unified framework for documenting and reporting functioning based on biological, psychological, and social perspectives [4 – 7].”
BackgroundIliya, A. A., & Ononiwu, C. (2020) · The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries · doi:10.1002/isd2.12158 · Cited by 17
“We argue that the process of disablement is a combination of (a) losses or abnormalities of body function and structure, (b) limitations of activities and (c) restrictions in participation, where the terms activity and participation focus on a person's abilities vs disabilities (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
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Interdisciplinary fetal-neonatal neurology training improves brain health across the lifespan
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Brick, R. S., Turner, R. L., Bender, C. M., Douglas, M., Eilers, R., Ferguson, R. J., Leland, N. E., Lyons, K. D., Toto, P. E., & Skidmore, E. R. (2021) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2021.09.010 · Cited by 14
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“Initially, the main indication for utilizing the ICF and core sets is the functioning aspect [7].”
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“These requirements are based on the ICF model, which underlines the importance of environmental factors such as personality traits and the presence or absence of social support, given their major role in patients’ well-being and recovery [18, 38].”
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“The bio-psychosocial model embedded in the ICF allows for a broader perspective on disability, enabling medical, individual, social, and environmental influences on functioning and disability to be examined [5–7].”
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Al‐Qahtani, A. M. (2020) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s274318 · Cited by 14
Health information systems and disability in the Lao PDR: a qualitative study
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“Only collecting information on impairment or health conditions may underestimate disability and is inconsistent with the CRPD and the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), a measure which combines the multiple dimensions of human functioning by synthesising biological, psychological, social and environmen…”
MethodOutcome measurement in patients with low back pain undergoing epidural steroid injection
Erçalık, T. (2019) · Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.5606/tftrd.2019.2350 · Cited by 12
Moreira, J., Melo, A. S. C., Santos, R. S., & Sousa, A. S. P. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22218270 · Cited by 12
“As the ICF conceptualizes disability as a health experience that occurs in a context, every domain should be assessed to look at medical, individual, social, and environmental influences on functioning and disability [97].”
BackgroundAge related impairments in ingestion from a large population based-sample
Hennèquin, M., Osta, N. E., Munoz‐Sanchez, M., Vandenberghe‐Descamps, M., Andreeva, V. A., Féron, G., Nicolas, E., Pereira, B., Peyron, M., Cousson, P., et al. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107287 · Cited by 12
“The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (Kostanjsek, 2011; Leonardi et al., 2022; World Health Organisation, 2001), provides both a conceptual framework and a practical dictionary for describing health and health-related states.”
Harthy, S. S. A., Hammad, M. A., & Awed, H. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1504352 · Cited by 19
“” Similarly, based on the terms used in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), “disability” conveys impairment and/or functional or participation limitations (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
Musuka, G., Cuadros, D. F., Miller, F. D., Mukandavire, Z., Dhliwayo, T., Iradukunda, P. G., Mano, O., & Dzinamarira, T. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13040377 · Cited by 12
“To address the varying definitions of disability across studies, this scoping review adopted the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as its conceptual framework [12,13].”
Esson, S.-A., Côté, P., Weaver, R. G., Aartun, E., & Mior, S. A. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 12
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“scientific literature is to use the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a basis for developing survey tools [4, 5].”
MethodWitjes, S., Hoorntje, A., Kuijer, P., Koenraadt, K. L. M., Blankevoort, L., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., & van Geenen, R. C. I. (2016) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-016-0965-3 · Cited by 12
“The ICF intends to provide a standard language and conceptual framework for the description of healthrelated states [39].”
BackgroundBasavarajappa, C., Sureshkumar, K., Suresh, V. C., Kumar, C. N., Ravishankar, V., Vanamoorthy, U., Mehta, U. M., Waghmare, A., & Sivakumar, T. (2016) · Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s40737-016-0053-x · Cited by 12
“Many countries are in the process of implementing ICF to assess disability status of individuals for availing disability benefits [27–30].”
BackgroundHeinemann, A. W., Kisala, P. A., Boulton, A. J., Sherer, M., Sander, A. M., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Bushnik, T. L., Hanks, R. A., Roth, E. J., & Tulsky, D. S. (2019) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.07.015 · Cited by 12
Neuromotor Rehabilitation Interventions After Pediatric Stroke: A Focused Review
Hart, E., Humanitzki, E., Schroeder, J., Woodbury, M. L., Coker‐Bolt, P., & Dodds, C. B. (2022) · Seminars in Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.spen.2022.100994 · Cited by 12
Prodinger, B., Stamm, T., Peterson, D., Stucki, G., Tennant, A., & on behalf of the International Classification of Functioning, D. (2015) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22816 · Cited by 12
“According to the World Health Organization, functioning is an umbrella term and refers to the interaction of a health condition and its attributes, such as etiology, manifestation, and symptoms, with what people do in their daily lives, and the impact of contextual factors, such as availability and access to health se…”
BackgroundHussain, A., Dailey, W., Hughes, C. M. L., Budhota, A., Gamage, W. G. K. C., Vishwanath, D. A., Kuah, C. W. K., Chua, K. S. G., Burdet, E., & Campolo, D. (2015) · International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics · doi:10.1109/icorr.2015.7281275 · Cited by 11
“The broader objective of the study is to derive measures which are sensitive to motor impairments and can help in clearly understanding different level of functioning disability as defined by International classification of Health and Disability (ICF) [15] as a step toward more objective and reliable assessment.”
BackgroundCorey, J. J., Shirazipour, C. H., Fricke, M., & Evans, M. B. (2022) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2031361 · Cited by 11
“The ICF recognizes function and disability as a part of the human condition that is composed of body structure, activity, participation, environmental factors, and personal factors where disabilities are understood to be shaped through personal experiences and narratives (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
BackgroundPhysical function in patients with resectable cancer of the pancreas and liver–a systematic review
O’Neill, L. M., Reynolds, S. A., Sheill, G., Guinan, E. M., Mockler, D., Geoghegan, J., Conlon, K. C., Reynolds, J. V., & Hussey, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-020-00875-x · Cited by 11
“The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a useful conceptual model describing functioning in a single spectrum which highlights the important interconnecting relationship between body functions, activities, and participation [14].”
BackgroundMonteiro, I. P., Appelt, P. A., Sisconetto, A. T., Sucupira, K. S. M. B., Bazán, R., Luvizutto, G. J., & de Souza, L. A. P. S. (2023) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/11795735231195759 · Cited by 14
Rasing, N. B., van de Geest-Buit, W. A., Chan, O. Y. A., Mul, K., Lanser, A., Erasmus, C. E., Groothuis, J. T., Holler, J., Ingels, K. J. A. O., Post, B., et al. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2259310 · Cited by 11
“None of the included studies had incorporated the ICF framework [62].”
Kong, C., & Singh, I. (2018) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32697 · Cited by 11
Intra-Rater Test-Retest Reliability of a Modified Child Functioning Module, Self-Report Version
Ng, K., Asunta, P., Leppä, N., & Rintala, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17196958 · Cited by 11
“Again, when mapped against the ICF, various different body functions as well as contextual factors are involved with this task of “self-care” [36].”
BackgroundHutzler, Y. S., Barak, S., Aubert, S., Arbour‐Nicitopoulos, K. P., Tesler, R., Sit, C. H. P., Silva, D. A. S., Asunta, P., Požėrienė, J., López‐Gil, J. F., et al. (2023) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.2022-0123 · Cited by 11
“and participation were coded in the same chapters (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
BackgroundHealth Care Expenditure Among People With Disabilities
Karpur, A., & Bruyère, S. M. (2012) · Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0034355212439756 · Cited by 12
“The ICF framework for disability recognizes disability as a multidimensional construct along the continuum of health and well-being (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
BackgroundFrom codes to language: is the ICF a classification system or a dictionary?
Tesio, L. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-s4-s2 · Cited by 11
“The successes emerging from the set of articles are well represented by the paper by Kostanjsek, a WHO officer [6].”
Hadar-Frumer, M., Napel, H. T., Yuste-Sánchez, M. J., & Rodríguez‐Costa, I. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10050908 · Cited by 12
“The model is a globally agreed-on conceptual framework and common language for health purposes [35].”
Kumar, V., Joshua, A. M., Kedambadi, R. C., & Mithra, P. (2017) · Journal of Natural Science Biology and Medicine · doi:10.4103/0976-9668.198357 · Cited by 10
“International Classification of Functioning (ICF), Disability and Health, is developed by the WHO provides a multi-dimensional framework for health and disability and clinically feasible for selection of an appropriate combination of outcome measures.[17] ICF framework outcomes are measured in three levels: Body funct…”
BackgroundA Human Rights Perspective on Palliative Care
Mukherjea, A., Ali, S. A., & Smith, J. A. (2020) · Topics in Language Disorders · doi:10.1097/tld.0000000000000222 · Cited by 10
“Although the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) perhaps provides the most granular insight into specific EoLrelated variables, the specificity of measures precluded a meaningful comparative analysis based on such measures (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
BackgroundSchmid, F., Rogan, S., & Gläßel, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126537 · Cited by 10
“designed as a common language and data standard that can be used for multiple purposes and in different environments [6].”
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Babazadeh-Zavieh, S. S., Ansari, N. N., Ghotbi, N., Naghdi, S., Haeri, S. M. J., Shaw, B. S., & Shaw, I. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100921 · Cited by 10
Milman, N., Boonen, A. E. R. C. H., Merkel, P. A., & Tugwell, P. (2014) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22414 · Cited by 10
Using the ICF in work-related physiotherapy: a contribution to data collection about functioning
de Araújo, E. S., & Buchalla, C. M. (2013) · Acta Fisiátrica · doi:10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v20i1a103735 · Cited by 11
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Association between multimorbidity and disability among older adults of Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gasperini, G., Rota, M., Guanziroli, E., Bissolotti, L., Balestrieri, F., Chisari, C., Currà, A., Felice, A. D., Farina, N., Manganotti, P., et al. (2022) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2022.10.003 · Cited by 9
Alenazi, A. M., Alhwoaimel, N. A., Alqahtani, B. A., Alshehri, M. M., Alhowimel, A., Khunti, K. K., & Alghamdi, M. S. (2024) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s463570 · Cited by 9
Morgan, K. A., Paton, S., Patten, A., TUCKER, S. M., & Walker, K. (2021) · Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine · doi:10.1080/10790268.2021.1970896 · Cited by 9
“32 The ICF has four sub-classifications: Body Functions (b), Body Structures (s), Activities and Participation (d), and Environmental Factors (e; Figure 1).”
BackgroundMetwally, A. M., El-Din, E. M. S., Elshaarawy, G. A., Nagi, D. A., Etreby, L. A. E., Abdallah, A. M., Khadr, Z., Bassiouni, R., Raouf, E. R. A., Elsaied, A., et al. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16489-8 · Cited by 9
“According to the WHO classification, disability domains where children are at greater risk include vision, hearing, speech, mobility, communication/comprehension, learning, intellectual impairments, and seizures [1, 2, 11].”
BackgroundMethodDisability in Political Science
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Preliminary feasibility study of the H-Man planar robot for quantitative motor assessment
Hussain, A., Dailey, W., Hughes, C. M. L., Tommasino, P., Budhota, A., Gamage, W. G. K. C., Burdet, E., & Campolo, D. (2015) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros.2015.7354256 · Cited by 9
“Along with these necessary features, it is important to clearly identify the advantages of these devices with respect to their effects on different levels of health as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) [11].”
BackgroundProdinger, B., Rastall, P., Kalra, D., Wooldridge, D., & Carpenter, I. (2018) · Applied Clinical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1649488 · Cited by 9
Towards Skills Evaluation of Elderly for Human-Robot Interaction
Filippeschi, A., Peppoloni, L., Kostavelis, I., Gerłowska, J., Ruffaldi, E., Giakoumis, D., Tzovaras, D. K., Rejdak, K., & Avizzano, C. A. (2018) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/roman.2018.8525843 · Cited by 9
“of human skills classification that is driven by executive functions along with ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) [9] recommendations.”
BackgroundInfluentialKabak, V. Y., İpek, F., Ünal, Ş., Uysal, S. A., & Düger, T. (2020) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03833-y · Cited by 9
CIF: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE LINEARIDADE NO MODELO BIOPSICOSSOCIAL
de Araújo, E. S. (2013) · Cited by 9
Stojic, S., Boehl, G., Rubinelli, S., Brach, M., Jakob, R., Kostanjsek, N. F. I., Stoyanov, J. V., & Glišić, M. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2024.2385051 · Cited by 8
“…that refers to health and lived health, where disability results from the interaction of a person with a health condition and one’s environment [3]. endorsed by the World health Organization (WhO) in May 2001, the icF has significantly influenced the understanding and assessment of health and…”
InfluentialSelf-citationFunctioning in chronic pain: a call for a global definition
Freynhagen, R., Fullen, B. M., Reneman, M. F., & Treede, R. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003307 · Cited by 8
“21,36 The ICF is regarded by some as part of a rethinking of health that brings together biological health and lived health.”
BackgroundAlenazi, A. M., Alhwoaimel, N. A., Alqahtani, B. A., Alshehri, M. M., Alhowimel, A., & Khunti, K. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1275124 · Cited by 8
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Xie, Q., Deng, X., Xiao, J., Chen, X., He, Y., Yang, L., Liu, S., Lai, J., Cai, Y., Sun, J., et al. (2020) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2020/2649843 · Cited by 8
Kumar, S., Kumar, G., Jain, K., & Jain, A. (2018) · International Journal of Engineering & Technology · doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10553 · Cited by 8
Groef, A. D., Vrieze, T. D., Dams, L., Penen, F., der Gucht, E. V., Assche, B. V., Verhaeghe, V., & Devoogdt, N. (2020) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13242 · Cited by 8
Bay, A. A., Prizer, L. P., Orusa, A. M., Hart, A. R., Perkins, M. M., & Hackney, M. E. (2020) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/2333721420924952 · Cited by 8
“In the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model, an individual’s functioning in activities is an interaction between health condition, environmental, and personal contextual factors (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
BackgroundWarfield, M. E., Lorenz, L. S., Ali, H. N., & Gittell, J. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.747919 · Cited by 8
“Although the ICF conceptual framework encompasses both personal and environmental factors related to community participation, the impact of environmental factors on participation of people with disabilities in community-based group homes has received little attention.”
BackgroundTuakli‐Wosornu, Y. A., Wang, K., Fourtassı, M., Stratton, C., Muñoz-Velasco, L. P., Hajjıouı, A., Cooper, R. A., Balikuddembe, J. K., Peterson, M. D., Pandiyan, U., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000002056 · Cited by 8
“We followed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework to assess the concept of disability.(29,30) Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework, current level of functioning and disability are described by assessing the following body f…”
MethodAnjum, A., Ahammed, T., Hasan, M. M., Chowdhury, M. A. B., & Uddin, M. J. (2022) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1023 · Cited by 7
“health conditions, making functional difficulty a complex term to assess.(14,15) Besides, tools developed in high‐income countries may not be appropriate for lower‐income countries because of differences in the context by which functional difficulty is assessed.”
BackgroundUnderstanding Disability, Disability Sport and Inclusion
Brittain, I., van Lindert, C., & Scheerder, J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21759-3_2 · Cited by 8
García-Rudolph, A., Saurí, J., Cegarra, B., & Guitart, M. B. (2020) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/17903 · Cited by 7
“The approval of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) [9] by the World Health Assembly in May 2001 has marked a paradigm shift in the way health and disability are understood and measured [10].”
BackgroundOperationalizing the ICF Core Sets for Autism and ADHD: A Multiple-Methods Feasibility Study
Alehagen, L., Hasslinger, J., Wessman, E., Black, M. H., Remnélius, K. L., Helander, J., Zander, E., & Bölte, S. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06717-4 · Cited by 9
“One fundamental goal of the ICF is to identify functional disabilities to provide appropriate support and enhance participation (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
Wiśniowska-Szurlej, A., Ćwirlej-Sozańska, A. B., Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, A., & Sozański, B. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28441-2 · Cited by 7
“The model contains 6 components, including: (1) body functions which make up physiological and psychological functions of the body; (2) body structures that are its anatomical parts; (3) activity as performing actions or tasks by the individual; (4) participation meaning involvement in life situations; (5) environment…”
BackgroundMotivational interviewing in promoting oral health: A literature review
Natanek, Ł., Adamiecki, M. K., & Klosek, S. K. (2023) · Dental and Medical Problems · doi:10.17219/dmp/140221 · Cited by 7
Use of standardised outcome measures among physiotherapists in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa
Sawadogo, A., Sogbossi, E. S., Everard, G. J., Kpadonou, T. G., & Batcho, C. S. (2024) · South African Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.4102/sajp.v80i1.1981 · Cited by 7
“These instruments can be used for diagnostic purposes, to support clinical decision making, to evaluate the effect of health care interventions, and to determine prognoses (Bausewein et al. 2018; Kostanjsek 2011).”
BackgroundBoehlen, W., & Sample, M. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1550531 · Cited by 7
“” Unlike the medical model of disability, it “conceptualizes disability not solely as a problem that resides in the individual but as a health experience that occurs in a context” [24].”
Backgroundde Araújo, A. E. T., Silva, P. E., de Carvalho, K. L., Fachin‐Martins, E., Babault, N., & Durigan, J. L. Q. (2019) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1567890 · Cited by 9
Quality of life assessment scales in polio survivors: a scoping review
Sulaiman, S. K., Aldersey, H. M., Fayed, N., Kaka, B., & Okyere, C. (2019) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02185-x · Cited by 7
Marshall, H. S., McMillan, M., Wang, B., Booy, R., Afzali, H. H. A., Buttery, J. P., Blyth, C. C., Richmond, P., Shaw, D., Gordon, D., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032583 · Cited by 7
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Trunk Impairment Scale in people with a stroke
Zhao, J., Chau, J. P. C., Zang, Y., Choi, K. C., He, R., Zhao, Y., Xiang, X., Li, Q., & Thompson, D. R. (2021) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-021-01730-y · Cited by 7
Good, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16759-2_30 · Cited by 7
Ecosystemic and gerontotechnological actions in complex nursing care to the elderly with ostomy
Barros, E. J. L., Santos, S. S. C., Gomes, G. C., Erdmann, A. L., Pelzer, M. T., & Gautério, D. P. (2014) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.5935/0034-7167.20140012 · Cited by 7
A SmartDisability Framework: enhancing user interaction
Whittington, P., & Doğan, H. (2016) · Electronic workshops in computing · doi:10.14236/ewic/hci2016.24 · Cited by 7
“There are a number of disabilities that exist worldwide as human beings are susceptible to diminishing health and the possibility of developing a disability at any point during life (Kostanjsek 2011).”
BackgroundNagpal, A., Hillier, S., Milton, A. G., Hamilton‐Bruce, M. A., & Koblar, S. A. (2019) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.12932 · Cited by 7
Automatic Detection of User Abilities through the SmartAbility Framework
Whittington, P., Doğan, H., Jiang, N., & Phalp, K. T. (2018) · Electronic workshops in computing · doi:10.14236/ewic/hci2018.43 · Cited by 7
Lehtokari, V., Similä, M. E., Tammepuu, M., Wallgren‐Pettersson, C., Strang‐Karlsson, S., & Hiekkala, S. (2023) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-023-02973-2 · Cited by 6
“…and social functioning and to test the survey designed for this purpose mainly utilizing the previously validated Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS ® ) item bank [27–29] as a source of items utilizing International Classification of Functioning (ICF) [30, 31].”
MethodAnshebo, A. A., Larebo, Y. M., Behera, S. K., & Gopalan, N. (2024) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-024-02456-w · Cited by 6
“Disability is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as any personal condition that prevents a person from living a normal daily life cycle, and it can be clarified as any one of difficulties or not functioning well, activity limitation, impairment, or participation limitations [1, 2].”
BackgroundMcDonald, K., Schwartz, A., & Fialka-Feldman, M. (2021) · Emerging issues in family and individual resilience · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81277-5_7 · Cited by 7
Steinman, B. A., Tabler, J., Mittlieder, C., Whitlock, B., & Goodman, C. E. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643211059133 · Cited by 6
Reaching people who are marginalized in major disability policy reform
Fisher, K. R., Gendera, S., & Kayess, R. (2022) · Global Social Policy · doi:10.1177/14680181221075558 · Cited by 6
“The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasis on ‘functioning and activities’ in the International Classification of Functioning of Disability and Health is an example of attempting to move away from disability labels towards particular support needs (Kostanjsek, 2011).”
BackgroundCarino-Escobar, R. I., Rodríguez-García, M. E., Ramirez-Nava, A. G., Quinzaños-Fresnedo, J., Ortega‐Robles, E., Arias-Carrión, Ó., Valdés-Cristerna, R., & Cantillo-Negrete, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1010328 · Cited by 6
“The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was measured to assess disability of the upper extremity (20), specifically, the b730 item that measures weakness of the hand’s muscles was used, graded with an ordinal score from 0 to 4, with the highest score associated with a complete impa…”
MethodJovan, F., Morgan, C., McConville, R., Tonkin, E. L., Craddock, I. J., & Whone, A. L. (2023) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/3580305.3599872 · Cited by 6
“Furthermore, knowing how much time someone spends alone or with others in a room is a step towards understanding their societal participation [25], which affects quality of life in PD [13].”
BackgroundGuo, J., Yang, Y., Cui, H., Lin, L., Zhang, Y., Gong, B., & Shen, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1545497 · Cited by 6
Hall, R., & Visagie, S. J. (2020) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1773943 · Cited by 7
“0), ICF checklist, qualifiers, linking rules and core sets (Rauch et al., 2008; Kostanjsek, 2011).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kostanjsek, N.
- Affiliations
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Kostanjsek, Nenad
- ORCID
- Kostanjsek, Nenad
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- Suppl 4
- Pages
- S3
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3104216
- OpenAlex
- W2027013776
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, disability statistics, health information systems, functional status, conceptual framework, disability classification
- MeSH terms
- Disability Evaluation, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Information Systems, Vocabulary, Controlled, International Classification of Diseases
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