Methanolic extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities
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BACKGROUND: Withania somnifera, also known as ashwagandha, is an important herb in ayurvedic and indigenous medical systems. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of an 80% aqueous methanolic extract of W. somnifera roots (WSREt), fruits (WSFEt) and leaves (WSLEt). METHODS: Several assays were performed to determine the antioxidant properties of this herb including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous chelation and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching. RESULTS: The values for DPPH, FRAP, ferrous chelation and inhibition of β carotene bleaching for the three types of extracts ranged from 101.73-801.93 μg/ml, 2.26-3.29 mM Fe/kg, 0.22-0.65 mg/ml and 69.87-79.67%, respectively, indicating that W. somnifera, particularly the leaves, possesses significant antioxidant properties. The mean ascorbic acid content was 20.60-62.60 mg/100 g, and the mean anthocyanin content was 2.86-12.50 mg/100 g. Antibacterial activities were measured using the agar well diffusion method and five pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The leaf extracts displayed the highest activity against S. typhi (32.00 ± 0.75 mm zone of inhibition), whereas the lowest activity was against K. pneumoniae (19.00 ± 1.48 mm zone of inhibition). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value was 6.25 mg/ml, which was against S. typhi, followed by 12.5 mg/ml against E. coli. CONCLUSION: In addition to its antioxidant properties, W. somnifera exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria, particularly S. typhi.
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Withania somnifera demonstrates potent antimicrobial properties against Salmonella typhimurium (32.00 +/- 0.75 mm zone of inhibition, MIC 6.25 mg/ml) in vitro.
“WS further demonstrated potent antimicrobial properties against Salmonella typhimurium (32.00 ± 0.75 mm zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration 6.25 mg/ml,) in vitro [17].”
From Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Withania somnifera has potential antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
“In addition to that, it showed potential antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria viz.E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae [17,346].”
From Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Alam, N., Hossain, M., Mottalib, M. A., Sulaiman, S. A., Gan, S. H., & Khalil, M. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Rajshahi (BD)
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BD)
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Khalil, Md Ibrahim
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Published
- 2012-10-07
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 175-175
- ISSN
- 1472-6882 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3527235
- OpenAlex
- W1971728963
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 9.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (1001/PPSP/815058)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- Withania somnifera, methanol extract, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, DPPH radical scavenging, vitamin C, anthocyanins, minimum inhibitory concentration, Ayurvedic herbs
- MeSH terms
- Anthocyanins, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Extracts, Plant Leaves, Withania
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