Dietary animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with obesity and cardio-metabolic indicators in European adolescents: The HELENA cross-sectional study
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BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that dietary protein might play a beneficial role in combating obesity and its related chronic diseases. Total, animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with anthropometry and serum biomarkers in European adolescents using one standardised methodology across European countries are not well documented. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate total, animal and plant protein intakes in European adolescents stratified by gender and age, and to investigate their associations with cardio-metabolic indicators (anthropometry and biomarkers). METHODS: The current analysis included 1804 randomly selected adolescents participating in the HELENA study (conducted in 2006-2007) aged 12.5-17.5 y (47% males) who completed two non-consecutive computerised 24-h dietary recalls. Associations between animal and plant protein intakes, and anthropometry and serum biomarkers were examined with General linear Model multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Average total protein intake exceeded the recommendations of World Health Organization and European Food Safety Authority. Mean total protein intake was 96 g/d (59% derived from animal protein). Total, animal and plant protein intakes (g/d) were significantly lower in females than in males and total and plant protein intakes were lower in younger participants (12.5-14.9 y). Protein intake was significantly lower in underweight subjects and higher in obese ones; the direction of the relationship was reversed after adjustments for body weight (g/(kg.d)). The inverse association of plant protein intakes was stronger with BMI z-score and body fat percentage (BF%) compared to animal protein intakes. Additionally, BMI and BF% were positively associated with energy percentage of animal protein. CONCLUSIONS: This sample of European adolescents appeared to have adequate total protein intake. Our findings suggest that plant protein intakes may play a role in preventing obesity among European adolescents. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the potential beneficial effects observed in this study in the prevention of obesity and related chronic diseases.
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In the HELENA cross-sectional study of European adolescents, both total and animal protein intake were higher in obese adolescents, and adolescents consuming higher levels of plant protein exhibited lower body fat percentages and BMI compared with those with higher animal protein intake.
“In this study, both total and animal protein intake were higher in obese adolescents. Adolescents consuming higher levels of plant protein exhibited lower body fat percentages and BMI compared with those adolescents with higher animal protein intake.”
From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Lin, Y., Mouratidou, T., Vereecken, C., Kersting, M., Bolca, S., de Moraes, A. C. F., Cuenca-García, M., Moreno, L. A., González-Gross, M., Valtueña, J., Labayen, I., Grammatikaki, E., Hallstrom, L., Leclercq, C., Ferrari, M., Gottrand, F., Beghin, L., Manios, Y., Ottevaere, C., Van Oyen, H., Molnar, D., Kafatos, A., Widhalm, K., Gómez-Martinez, S., Prieto, L. E. D., De Henauw, S., Huybrechts, I., & On behalf of the HELENA study group
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Universidad de Zaragoza (ES)
- Research Foundation - Flanders (BE)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ES)
- University of the Basque Country (ES)
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (IT)
- University of Crete (GR)
- Paracelsus Medical University (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Huybrechts, Inge
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrition Journal
- Published
- 2015-01-21
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-10
- ISSN
- 1475-2891 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4334414
- OpenAlex
- W2168584199
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 7.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrition Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Communities in ADDI (Universidad del Pais Vasco) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2011/)
- Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (007/2012)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (2014‐2, 11137)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- European Regional Development Fund
- Ciência sem Fronteiras
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- protein intake, animal protein, plant proteins, adolescent obesity, anthropometry, body mass index, body fat percentage, serum biomarkers, sex differences, age differences, HELENA study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Animals, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Europe, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Meat, Obesity, Plant Proteins, Sex Factors, Thinness, Exercise, Nutrition Assessment, Diet Records, Body Mass Index
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