The DOI matches its Crossref record; 207 of the 207 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Potential developmental neurotoxicity of pesticides used in Europe
Open accessAbstract
Pesticides used in agriculture are designed to protect crops against unwanted species, such as weeds, insects, and fungus. Many compounds target the nervous system of insect pests. Because of the similarity in brain biochemistry, such pesticides may also be neurotoxic to humans. Concerns have been raised that the developing brain may be particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of neurotoxic pesticides. Current requirements for safety testing do not include developmental neurotoxicity. We therefore undertook a systematic evaluation of published evidence on neurotoxicity of pesticides in current use, with specific emphasis on risks during early development. Epidemiologic studies show associations with neurodevelopmental deficits, but mainly deal with mixed exposures to pesticides. Laboratory experimental studies using model compounds suggest that many pesticides currently used in Europe--including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, and chlorophenoxy herbicides--can cause neurodevelopmental toxicity. Adverse effects on brain development can be severe and irreversible. Prevention should therefore be a public health priority. The occurrence of residues in food and other types of human exposures should be prevented with regard to the pesticide groups that are known to be neurotoxic. For other substances, given their widespread use and the unique vulnerability of the developing brain, the general lack of data on developmental neurotoxicity calls for investment in targeted research. While awaiting more definite evidence, existing uncertainties should be considered in light of the need for precautionary action to protect brain development.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although their primary mechanism of action is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, they can also have endocrine disrupting properties, particularly at dose levels which are more environmentally relevant and well below those which cause systemic toxicity (16, 22, 105).”
From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [105]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rice, D., & Barone, S. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3511 · Cited by 2,944
Haddow, J. E., Palomaki, G. E., Allan, W. C., Williams, J. R., Knight, G. J., Gagnon, J., O'Heir, C. E., Mitchell, M. L., Hermos, R. J., Waisbren, S. E., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908193410801 · Cited by 2,558
Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals
Grandjean, P., & Landrigan, P. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69665-7 · Cited by 1,984
Self-citationHandbook of Pesticide Toxicology
(2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-426260-7.x5000-9 · Cited by 1,325
McCormack, A. L., Thiruchelvam, M. J., Manning-Bog, A., Thiffault, C., Langston, J. W., Cory‐Slechta, D. A., & Monte, D. A. D. (2002) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.2002.0507 · Cited by 838
Rauh, V. A., Garfinkel, R., Perera, F. P., Andrews, H. F., Hoepner, L., Barr, D. B., Whitehead, R., Tang, D., & Whyatt, R. W. (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0338 · Cited by 734
Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Neurodevelopment in Young Mexican-American Children
Eskenazi, B., Marks, A. R., Bradman, A., Harley, K. G., Barr, D. B., Johnson, C. B., Morga, N., & Jewell, N. P. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9828 · Cited by 716
Rice, D. C., & Barone, S. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3454543 · Cited by 712
Current issues in organophosphate toxicology
Costa, L. G. (2005) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.008 · Cited by 700
Association of Pesticide Exposure with Neurologic Dysfunction and Disease
Kamel, F., & Hoppin, J. A. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7135 · Cited by 689
The Chemistry of Organophosphorus Compounds
(1990) · John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470034439 · Cited by 685
Bradberry, S., Cage, S. A., Proudfoot, A. T., & Vale, A. (2005) · Toxicological Reviews · doi:10.2165/00139709-200524020-00003 · Cited by 627
Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease
Liou, H., Tsai, M.-C., Chen, C., Jeng, J., Chang, Y. C., Chen, S. Y., & Chen, R.-T. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.6.1583 · Cited by 616
Secretariat, W., Andersson, M., de Benoist, B., Delange, F. M., & Zupan, J. (2007) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007361004 · Cited by 579
Slotkin, T. A. (2004) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.06.001 · Cited by 544
Developmental Neurotoxicity of Pyrethroid Insecticides: Critical Review and Future Research Needs
Shafer, T. J., Meyer, D. A., & Crofton, K. M. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7254 · Cited by 540
Landrigan, P. J., Schechter, C. B., Lipton, J. M. M., Fahs, M. C., & Schwartz, J. D. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110721 · Cited by 529
Chronic central nervous system effects of acute organophosphate pesticide intoxication
ROSENSTOCK, L. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90356-t · Cited by 516
Prevalence and Health Impact of Developmental Disabilities in US Children
Boyle, C. A., Decouflé, P., & Yeargin‐Allsopp, M. (1994) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.93.3.399 · Cited by 455
In vivo inhibition of superoxide dismutase in mice by diethyldithiocarbamate.
Heikkila, R. E., Cabbat, F. S., & Cohen, G. (1976) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33675-x · Cited by 452
Prenatal Insecticide Exposures and Birth Weight and Length among an Urban Minority Cohort
Whyatt, R. M., Rauh, V., Barr, D. B., Camann, D., Andrews, H., Garfinkel, R. S., Hoepner, L., Díaz, D., Dietrich, J., Reyes, A., et al. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6641 · Cited by 442
Developing Brain as a Target of Toxicity
Rodier, P. M. (1995) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s673 · Cited by 435
Glutathione, iron and Parkinson’s disease
Bharath, S., Hsu, M., Kaur, D., Rajagopalan, S., & Andersen, J. K. (2002) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01174-7 · Cited by 394
A model of the development of the brain as a construct of the thyroid system.
Howdeshell, K. L. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s3337 · Cited by 386
Pyrethrum Flowers and Pyrethroid Insecticides
Casida, J. E. (1980) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8034189 · Cited by 367
Skrabal, F., & Dittrich, P. (1973) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)92148-x · Cited by 358
Monte, D. A. D. (2003) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00501-5 · Cited by 358
In utero pesticide exposure, maternal paraoxonase activity, and head circumference.
Berkowitz, G. S., Wetmur, J. G., Birman-Deych, E., Obel, J., Lapinski, R. H., Godbold, J., Holzman, I. R., & Wolff, M. S. (2003) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6414 · Cited by 341
Organophosphate-Induced Delayed Polyneuropathy
Lotti, M., & Moretto, A. (2005) · Toxicological Reviews · doi:10.2165/00139709-200524010-00003 · Cited by 341
Ye, X., Pierik, F. H., Hauser, R., Duty, S., Angerer, J., Park, M. M., Burdorf, A., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Mackenbach, J. P., et al. (2008) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.014 · Cited by 307
A reassessment of the neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides
Ray, D. E., & Fry, J. R. (2005) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.003 · Cited by 306
The Pathogenesis of Organophosphate Polyneuropathy
Lotti, M. (1992) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.3109/10408449209089884 · Cited by 300
Endocrine disruptors and reproductive development: a weight-of-evidence overview
Cooper, R. L., & Kavlock, R. J. (1997) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1520159 · Cited by 291
Association Between In Utero Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Abnormal Reflexes in Neonates
Young, J. G., Eskenazi, B., Gladstone, E. A., Bradman, A., Pedersen, L., Johnson, C. B., Barr, D. B., Furlong, C. E., & Holland, N. (2005) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2004.10.004 · Cited by 288
Role of oxidative stress in paraquat‐induced dopaminergic cell degeneration
McCormack, A. L., Atienza, J. G., Johnston, L. C., Andersen, J. K., Vu, S., & Monte, D. A. D. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03088.x · Cited by 282
Clark, D. G., McElligott, T. F., & Hurst, E. W. (1966) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.23.2.126 · Cited by 282
Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute pyrethroid poisoning
He, F., Wang, S., Liu, L., Chen, S., Zhang, Z., & Sun, J. (1989) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf00334635 · Cited by 279
Neurodevelopment and Endocrine Disruption
Colborn, T. (2003) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6601 · Cited by 274
Garry, V. F., Harkins, M. E., Erickson, L., Long‐Simpson, L., Holland, S. E., & Burroughs, B. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s3441 · Cited by 270
Exposure to indoor pesticides during pregnancy in a multiethnic, urban cohort.
Berkowitz, G. S., Obel, J., Deych, E., Lapinski, R. H., Godbold, J., Liu, Z., Landrigan, P. J., & Wolff, M. S. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5619 · Cited by 268
Engel, S. M., Berkowitz, G. S., Barr, D. B., Teitelbaum, S. L., Siskind, J., Meisel, S. J., Wetmur, J. G., & Wolff, M. S. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm029 · Cited by 260
Chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb may produce symptoms and signs of CNS manganese intoxication
Ferraz, H. B., Bertolucci, P. H. F., Pereira, J. S., Lima, J. G. C., & de Andrade, L. A. F. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.4.550 · Cited by 258
Morphogenetic Roles of Acetylcholine
Lauder, J. M., & Schambra, U. B. (1999) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s165 · Cited by 255
Mechanisms of Toxicity, Clinical Features, and Management of Diquat Poisoning: A Review
Jones, G. M., & Vale, A. (2000) · Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.1081/clt-100100926 · Cited by 251
Song, X., Seidler, F. J., Saleh, J. L., Zhang, J., Padilla, S., & Slotkin, T. A. (1997) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1997.8171 · Cited by 248
α-Synuclein Overexpression Protects against Paraquat-Induced Neurodegeneration
Manning-Bog, A., McCormack, A. L., Purisai, M. G., Bolin, L. M., & Monte, D. A. D. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-08-03095.2003 · Cited by 242
Pope, C., Chakraborti, T. K., Chapman, M., Farrar, J. D., & Arthun, D. (1991) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0300-483x(91)90061-5 · Cited by 242
Review of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) Epidemiology and Toxicology
Garabrant, D. H., & Philbert, M. A. (2002) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/20024091064237 · Cited by 242
Zhang, J., Fitsanakis, V. A., Gu, G., Jing, D., Ao, M., Amarnath, V., & Montine, T. J. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01525.x · Cited by 238
Persistent behavioral consequences of neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure in rats
Levin, E. D., Addy, N., Nakajima, A., Christopher, N. C., Seidler, F. J., & Slotkin, T. A. (2001) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(01)00215-2 · Cited by 228
(1997) · PubMed · Cited by 228
Whitaker-Azmitia, P. M. (1991) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)06668-2 · Cited by 226
Garry, V. F. (2004) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.11.027 · Cited by 224
Dam, K., Seidler, F. J., & Slotkin, T. A. (2000) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(00)00044-4 · Cited by 217
Slotkin, T. A., & Seidler, F. J. (2007) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.005 · Cited by 216
Grandjean, P., Harari, R., Barr, D. B., & Debes, F. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1781 · Cited by 197
Self-citationParkinsonism after chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate).
Meco, G., Bonifati, V., Vanacore, N., & Fabrizio, E. (1994) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1394 · Cited by 197
Rothlein, J. E., Rohlman, D. S., Lasarev, M. R., Phillips, J., Muniz, J. F., & McCauley, L. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8182 · Cited by 195
Mechanism of Paraquat Toxicity in Lung and its Relevance to Treatment
Smith, L. L. (1987) · Human Toxicology · doi:10.1177/096032718700600105 · Cited by 183
Vulnerable Periods in Developing Brain
Dobbing, J. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-1766-7_1 · Cited by 181
Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats
Cantalamessa, F. (1993) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf01969923 · Cited by 181
Qiao, D., Seidler, F. J., & Slotkin, T. A. (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.01109909 · Cited by 180
Neurobehavioral Effects of Pesticides: State of the Art
Colosio, C., Tiramani, M., & Maroni, M. (2003) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(03)00055-x · Cited by 178
Barr, D. B., Allen, R. H., Olsson, A. O., Bravo, R., Caltabiano, L. M., Montesano, M. A., Nguyen, J. V., Udunka, S. O., Walden, D., Walker, R. D., et al. (2005) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.012 · Cited by 177
Ricceri, L., Venerosi, A., Capone, F. T., Cometa, M. F., Lorenzini, P., Fortuna, S., & Calamandrei, G. (2006) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfl032 · Cited by 177
Toxic Threats to Neurologic Development of Children
Schettler, T. (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s6813 · Cited by 173
Ruckart, P. Z., Kakolewski, K., Bove, F., & Kaye, W. (2003) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6430 · Cited by 171
Román, G. C. (2007) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.06.023 · Cited by 171
Nasuti, C., Gabbianelli, R., Falcioni, M. L., Stefano, A. D., Sozio, P., & Cantalamessa, F. (2006) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.10.015 · Cited by 171
Prevalence of Fetal Exposure to Environmental Toxins as Determined by Meconium Analysis
Ostrea, E. M., Morales, V., Ngoumgna, E., Prescilla, R. P., Tan, E., Hernandez, E., Ramirez, G. B., Cifra, H., & Manlapaz, M. L. (2002) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(02)00077-3 · Cited by 165
Mage, D. T., Allen, R. H., Gondy, G., Smith, W. K., Barr, D. B., & Needham, L. L. (2004) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500343 · Cited by 160
Clinical Toxicology of Anticholinesterase Agents in Humans
Lotti, M. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374367-1.00072-0 · Cited by 154
Bradberry, S., Watt, B. E., Proudfoot, A. T., & Vale, A. (2000) · Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.1081/clt-100100925 · Cited by 153
Qiao, D., Seidler, F. J., Tate, C. A., Cousins, M. M., & Slotkin, T. A. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5828 · Cited by 151
Biologic Monitoring of Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides in 195 Italian Children
Aprea, C., Strambi, M., Novelli, M. T., Lunghini, L., & Bozzi, N. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.00108521 · Cited by 148
Icenogle, L., Christopher, N. C., Blackwelder, W. P., Caldwell, D. P., Qiao, D., Seidler, F. J., Slotkin, T. A., & Levin, E. D. (2003) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2003.09.001 · Cited by 144
Pyrethroid exposure of the general population—is this due to diet
Schettgen, T., Heudorf, U., Drexler, H., & Angerer, J. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00183-2 · Cited by 143
Domico, L. M., COOPER, K., BERNARD, L., & Zeevalk, G. D. (2007) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.04.008 · Cited by 139
Identification of Epilepsy Genes in Human and Mouse
Meisler, M. H., Kearney, J. A., Ottman, R., & Escayg, A. (2001) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.091142 · Cited by 138
Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: what is the vulnerable period?
Qiao, D., Seidler, F. J., Padilla, S., & Slotkin, T. A. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.021101097 · Cited by 137
Zhou, Y. F., Shie, F., Piccardo, P., Montine, T. J., & Zhang, J. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.048 · Cited by 135
Domico, L. M., Zeevalk, G. D., Bernard, L. P., & Cooper, K. R. (2006) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.07.009 · Cited by 135
Pope, C., & Chakraborti, T. (1992) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0300-483x(92)90168-e · Cited by 134
Low level exposures to organophosphorus esters may cause neurotoxicity
JAMAL, G. A., Hansen, S., & Julu, P. O. O. (2002) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00447-x · Cited by 129
Slotkin, T. A., MacKillop, E. A., Ryde, I. T., Tate, C. A., & Seidler, F. J. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9527 · Cited by 125
Vidair, C. A. (2004) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.016 · Cited by 125
Chlorpyrifos elicits mitotic abnormalities and apoptosis in neuroepithelium of cultured rat embryos
Roy, T. S., Andrews, J. E., Seidler, F. J., & Slotkin, T. A. (1998) · Teratology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(199808)58:2 · Cited by 123
Dithiocarbamates and the redox regulation of cell death
Orrenius, S., Nobel, S., van den Dobbelsteen, D. J., Burkitt, M. J., & Slater, A. F. G. (1996) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0241032 · Cited by 122
Developmental neurotoxicity of anticonvulsants: Human and animal evidence on phenytoin
Adams, J., Vorhees, C. V., & Middaugh, L. D. (1990) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/0892-0362(90)90092-q · Cited by 120
Eriksson, P., & Fredriksson, A. (1991) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90270-o · Cited by 119
Bolter, C. J., & Chefurka, W. (1990) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(90)90232-n · Cited by 118
Garcia, S. J., Seidler, F. J., Crumpton, T. L., & Slotkin, T. A. (2001) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03189-9 · Cited by 118
Dua, R., & Gill, K. D. (2004) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.05.003 · Cited by 113
Age-Dependent Differences in the Susceptibility of Rats to Deltamethrin
Sheets, L. P., Doherty, J. D., Law, M. W., Reiter, L. W., & Crofton, K. M. (1994) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1106 · Cited by 112
Testing Methods for Developmental Neurotoxicity of Environmental Chemicals
Claudio, L., Kwa, W. C., Russell, A. L., & Wallinga, D. (2000) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.2000.8890 · Cited by 112
Clinical Toxicology of Anticholinesterase Agents in Humans
Lotti, M. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012426260-7.50054-9 · Cited by 109
Heudorf, U., Angerer, J., & Drexler, H. (2004) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-003-0470-5 · Cited by 108
Burns, C. J., Beard, K., & Cartmill, J. B. (2001) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.58.1.24 · Cited by 107
Neurologic symptoms in licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study
Kamel, F., Engel, L. S., Gladen, B. C., Hoppin, J. A., Alavanja, M. C. R., & Sandler, D. P. (2007) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1177/0960327107070582 · Cited by 105
Long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects induced by acute chlorpyrifos treatment
Pope, C., Chakraborti, T. K., Chapman, M., & Farrar, J. D. (1992) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(92)90523-i · Cited by 105
Chlorpyrifos targets developing glia: effects on glial fibrillary acidic protein
Garcia, S. J., Seidler, F. J., Qiao, D., & Slotkin, T. A. (2002) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00283-3 · Cited by 104
Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Systems by the Environmental Pesticide Maneb in Dopaminergic Cells
Barlow, B. K., Lee, D. W., Cory‐Slechta, D. A., & Opanashuk, L. A. (2004) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2004.07.004 · Cited by 104
Dua, R., & Gill, K. D. (2001) · Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.d01-167.x · Cited by 104
Slotkin, T. A., Seidler, F. J., & Fumagalli, F. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9901 · Cited by 100
DETERMINATION OF THE REFERENCE DOSE FOR CHLORPYRIFOS: PROCEEDINGS OF AN EXPERT PANEL
Clegg, D. J. (1999) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B · doi:10.1080/109374099281179 · Cited by 100
Catalysis of catechol oxidation by metal-dithiocarbamate complexes in pesticides
Fitsanakis, V. A., Amarnath, V., Moore, J. T., Montine, K. S., Zhang, J., & Montine, T. J. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01169-3 · Cited by 100
Ricceri, L., Markina, N., Valanzano, A., Fortuna, S., Cometa, M. F., Meneguz, A., & Calamandrei, G. (2003) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00229-1 · Cited by 97
Carbamate and organophosphate poisoning in young children
Lifshitz, M., Shahak, E., & Sofer, S. (1999) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/00006565-199904000-00006 · Cited by 97
Anderson, A. S., Dewar, J. A., Marshall, D., Cummins, S., Taylor, M., Dawson, J., & Sparks, L. (2007) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007000092 · Cited by 97
Vanholder, R., Colardyn, F., Reuck, J. D., Praet, M. M., Lameire, N. H., & Ringoir, S. M. (1981) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(81)90836-6 · Cited by 96
Heudorf, U., Butte, W., Schulz, C., & Angerer, J. (2006) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.01.001 · Cited by 92
An epidemiological study on occupational acute pyrethroid poisoning in cotton farmers.
Chen, S. Y., Zhang, Z. W., He, F. S., Yao, P. P., Wu, Y.-Q., Sun, J. X., Liu, L. H., & Li, Q. (1991) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.48.2.77 · Cited by 92
Lazarini, C. A., Flório, J. C., Lemonica, I. P., & Bernardi, M. M. (2001) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(01)00170-2 · Cited by 90
Slotkin, T. A., Bodwell, B. E., Levin, E. D., & Seidler, F. J. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11005 · Cited by 87
Chronic neurological effects of organophosphate pesticides
Steenland, K. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7042.1312 · Cited by 86
Gupta, A., Agarwal, R., & Shukla, G. S. (1999) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1177/096032719901800307 · Cited by 85
Sánchez-Santed, F., Cañadas, F., Flores, P., López-Grancha, M., & Cardona, D. (2004) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2003.10.008 · Cited by 84
Qiao, D., Seidler, F. J., Abreu‐Villaça, Y., Tate, C. A., Cousins, M. M., & Slotkin, T. A. (2003) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.devbrainres.2003.10.004 · Cited by 81
Comparative Subchronic Studies on 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Amine, and Ester in Rats
Charles, J. M., CUNNY, H. C., WILSON, R. D., & BUS, J. S. (1996) · Fundamental and Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1006/faat.1996.0153 · Cited by 81
Sheets, L. P. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 80
Neuronal oxidative injury and dendritic damage induced by carbofuran: Protection by memantine
Gupta, R. C., Milatovic, S., Dettbarn, W. ‐., Aschner, M., & Milatović, D. (2006) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.10.028 · Cited by 80
Free radical scavengers & lipid peroxidation in acute aluminium phosphide poisoning.
Chugh, S. N., Arora, V., Sharma, A., & Chugh, K. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 80
Kamboj, A. K., Kiran, R., & Sandhir, R. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0241-5 · Cited by 77
Mechanism of thyroid peroxidase inhibition by ethylenethiourea
Doerge, D. R., & Takazawa, R. S. (1990) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx00014a003 · Cited by 77
MOSER, V. C. (2000) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(00)00087-8 · Cited by 76
Acute and persistent parkinsonism after use of diquat
Sechi, G. P., Agnetti, V., Piredda, M. L., Canu, M., Deserra, F., Omar, H. Α., & Rosati, G. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.1.261 · Cited by 74
A Fetal Risk Factor for Parkinson’s Disease
Barlow, B. K., Richfield, E. K., Cory‐Slechta, D. A., & Thiruchelvam, M. J. (2004) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000080707 · Cited by 73
Carbamate Poisoning in Early Childhood and in Adults
Lifshitz, M., Shahak, E., Bolotin, A., & Sofer, S. (1997) · Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.3109/15563659709001161 · Cited by 73
Maneb enhances MPTP neurotoxicity in mice.
Rn, T., Rogério, R., & Zanin, M. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 73
Fredriksson, A., Fredriksson, M., & Eriksson, P. O. (1993) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1993.1194 · Cited by 72
Price, N. R., & Dance, S. J. (1983) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Comparative Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0742-8413(83)90078-6 · Cited by 72
Eriksson, P. O., & Nordberg, A. K. (1990) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90041-r · Cited by 72
Calvert, G. M., Mueller, C. A., Fajen, J. M., CHRISLIP, D. W., Russo, J., Briggle, T. V., Fleming, L. E., Suruda, A. J., & Steenland, K. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.12.1774 · Cited by 71
Thyroid peroxidase as toxicity target for dithiocarbamates
Marinovich, M., Guizzetti, M., Ghilardi, F., Viviani, B., Corsini, E., & Galli, C. L. (1997) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s002040050420 · Cited by 69
Bailey, O. T. (1969) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1969.03160330086034 · Cited by 69
Ahlbom, J., Fredriksson, A., & Eriksson, P. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91666-7 · Cited by 64
Morphogenetic Roles of Acetylcholine
Lauder, J. M., & Schambra, U. B. (1999) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3434473 · Cited by 64
Malaviya, M., Husain, R., Seth, P. K., & Husain, R. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 63
Johnson, M. K., & Glynn, P. (1995) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03495-1 · Cited by 60
Interaction of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with cell and model membranes
Suwalsky, M., Benites, M., Villena, F., Aguilar, F., & Sotomayor, C. P. (1996) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(96)00173-3 · Cited by 60
Anger, W. K., Moody, L., Burg, J. R., Brightwell, W. S., Bj, T., Jm, R., Dickerson, N., Setzer, J. V., Bl, J., & Hicks, K. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 59
Developmental pesticide exposures and the Parkinson's disease phenotype
Cory‐Slechta, D. A., Thiruchelvam, M. J., Richfield, E. K., Barlow, B. K., & Brooks, A. I. (2005) · Birth Defects Research Part A Clinical and Molecular Teratology · doi:10.1002/bdra.20118 · Cited by 55
Neurodevelopmental consequences of gestational exposure (GD14–GD20) to low dose deltamethrin in rats
Aziz, M. H., Agrawal, A. K., Adhami, V. M., Shukla, Y., & Seth, P. K. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01543-9 · Cited by 53
Rosso, S. B. (2000) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/56.1.133 · Cited by 52
Dithiocarbamate Pesticides Affect Glutamate Transport in Brain Synaptic Vesicles
Vaccari, A., Saba, P., Mocci, I., & Ruiu, S. (1999) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)37916-9 · Cited by 49
Duffard, R. O. (1996) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(96)00087-6 · Cited by 49
Bortolozzi, A. A., Duffard, R. O., & de Duffard, A. M. E. (1999) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(98)00059-2 · Cited by 49
Jm, L. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 48
Elo, H. A., & Ylitalo, P. (1979) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(79)90368-5 · Cited by 48
Neurotoxicity and Behavioral Effects of Thiram in Rats
Lee, C. C., & Peters, P. J. (1976) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.761735 · Cited by 48
Neurotoxicology risk assessment guidelines: developmental neurotoxicology.
Ha, T. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 48
Thiram and Ziram Stimulate Non-Selective Cation Channel and Induce Apoptosis in PC12 Cells
Han, M. S., Shin, K.-J., Kim, Y., Kim, S.-H., Lee, T., Kim, E., Ryu, S. H., & Suh, P. (2003) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(03)00013-5 · Cited by 46
Radiometric Assay of Red Cell and Plasma Cholinesterase in Pesticide Appliers from Minnesota
Potter, W. T., Garry, V. F., Kelly, J. T., Tarone, R. E., Griffith, J., & Nelson, R. L. (1993) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1993.1054 · Cited by 46
Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid exposure on dopamine D2-like receptors in rat brain
Bortolozzi, A. A., de Duffard, A. M. E., Duffard, R. O., & Antonelli, M. C. (2004) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2004.04.001 · Cited by 46
Delmaestro, E., & Trombetta, L. D. (1995) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)03187-c · Cited by 45
Ecobichon, D. J. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012426260-7.50055-0 · Cited by 43
Acute diquat poisoning with intracerebral bleeding
Saeed, S., Wilks, M. F., & Coupe, M. (2001) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pmj.77.907.329 · Cited by 42
Rosso, S. B., González, M., Bagatolli, L. A., Duffard, R. O., & Fidelio, G. D. (1998) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00523-2 · Cited by 41
Talts, U., Fredriksson, A., & Eriksson, P. (1998) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00093-1 · Cited by 40
Vaccari, A., Ferraro, L., Saba, P., Ruiu, S., Mocci, I., Antonelli, T., & Tanganelli, S. (1998) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)37507-x · Cited by 37
Neurotoxicity of the pesticidal carbamates.
Miller, D. B. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 37
McCarthy, L. G., & Speth, C. P. (1983) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(83)80474-0 · Cited by 35
Casey, P. H., & Collie, W. R. (1984) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(84)81022-7 · Cited by 34
The Concern for Developmental Neurotoxicology: Is It Justified and What Is Being Done about It?
Tilson, H. A. (1995) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s6147 · Cited by 34
Bongiovanni, B., Lorenzi, P. D., Ferri, A., Konjuh, C. N., Rassetto, M., de Duffard, A. M. E., Cardinali, D. P., & Duffard, R. O. (2007) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033388 · Cited by 32
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate enhances MPTP-induced striatal dopamine depletion in mice.
McGrew, D. M., Irwin, I., & Langston, J. W. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 32
Induction of Apoptosis in Cerebellar Granule Cells by 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Moliner, K. L. D., de Duffard, A. M. E., Soto, E. F., Duffard, R. O., & Adamo, A. M. (2002) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1021665720446 · Cited by 31
Blood-brain barrier damage by 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide in rats
Hervonen, H., Elo, H. A., & Ylitalo, P. (1982) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(82)90358-1 · Cited by 31
Phosphine-mediated Heinz body formation and hemoglobin oxidation in human erythrocytes
Potter, W. T., Rong, S. Y., Griffith, J., WHITE, J., & GARRY, V. (1991) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/0378-4274(91)90117-o · Cited by 30
Husain, R., Malaviya, M., Seth, P. K., & Husain, R. (1992) · Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf01239644 · Cited by 30
DITHIOCARBAMATES AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Hoogenraad, T. U. (1988) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91573-5 · Cited by 30
Roldán-Tapia, L., Leyva, A. D. V., Bretones, F. L., & Sánchez-Santed, F. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7545 · Cited by 29
Bachurin, S. O., Ep, S., Lermontova, N. N., Serkova, T. P., & Ramsay, R. R. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 29
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication increases its accumulation within the brain
Kim, C. S., Keizer, R. F., & Pritchard, J. B. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90989-4 · Cited by 28
Gupta, A., Agarwal, R., & Shukla, G. S. (1999) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1191/096032799678839860 · Cited by 28
Elo, H. A., & MacDonald, E. (1989) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf00316434 · Cited by 27
Rosso, S. B., Paolo, O. D., de Duffard, A. M. E., & Duffard, R. O. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00823-8 · Cited by 26
Elo, H. A., & Ylitalo, P. (1977) · Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02149.x · Cited by 22
de Duffard, A. M. E., Brusco, A., Duffard, R. O., Garcia, G. B., & Saavedra, J. P. (1995) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf02815012 · Cited by 22
Liesivuori, J., & Savolainen, K. (1994) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0300-483x(94)90238-0 · Cited by 19
Vaginally Applied Diquat Intoxication
Rudež, J., Sepčić, K., & Sepčić, J. (1999) · Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.1081/clt-100102470 · Cited by 18
Ferri, A. M., Duffard, R. O., & de Duffard, A. M. E. (2007) · Drug and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1080/01480540601017629 · Cited by 17
Bifenthrin inhibits neurite outgrowth in differentiating PC12 cells.
Tran, V., Hoffman, N., Mofunanaya, A., Pryor, S. C., Ojugbele, O., McLaughlin, A., Gibson, L., Bonventre, J. A., Flynn, K., & Weeks, B. S. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 17
Schmuck, G., Ahr, H.-J. X. F. R., Mihail, F., Stahl, B. U., & Kayser, M. (2002) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-002-0353-7 · Cited by 17
Kim, C. S., & Pritchard, J. B. (1993) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)39492-9 · Cited by 16
Kim, C. S., Keizer, R. F., Ambrose, W. W., & Breese, G. R. (1987) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(87)90136-0 · Cited by 16
Clinical Course of a Fatal Ingestion of Diquat
Schmidt, D. M., Schmidt, D., Neale, J., & Olson, K. R. (1999) · Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.1081/clt-100102471 · Cited by 16
Effects of permethrin given before mating on the behavior of F1-generation in mice
Farag, A. T., Goda, N. F., Mansee, A. H., & Shaaban, N. A. (2006) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2005.12.001 · Cited by 15
Neurotoxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl ester in chick embryos
de Moro, G. M., Duffard, R. O., & de Duffard, A. M. E. (1993) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/bf00969095 · Cited by 15
Moniz, A. C., Bernardi, M. M., de Souza-Spinosa, H., & Palermo‐Neto, J. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Elo, H. A., Hervonen, H., & Ylitalo, P. (1988) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Comparative Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0742-8413(88)90098-9 · Cited by 15
Rapid Uptake, Metabolism, and Elimination of Inhaled Sulfuryl Fluoride Fumigant by Rats
Mendrala, A. L., Markham, D. A., & Eisenbrandt, D. L. (2005) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi196 · Cited by 15
Oxidatively initiated phosphorylation reactions of phosphine
Lam, W. W., Toia, R. F., & Casida, J. E. (1991) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00012a036 · Cited by 14
[Human neurotoxicity of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamates (EBDC)]
Debbarh, I., Rambelomanana, S., Penouil, F., Castaigne, F., Poisot, D., & Moore, N. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 14
The effects of inhalation exposure to sulfuryl fluoride on fetal development in rats and rabbits
Hanley, T. R. (1989) · Fundamental and Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0272-0590(89)90308-4 · Cited by 13
Neuropsychiatric Syndromes and Occupational Exposure to Zinc Phosphide in Egypt
Amr, M. M., Abbas, E. Z., El-Samra, M. I., Batanuoni, M. E., & Osman, A. M. (1997) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1006/enrs.1997.3736 · Cited by 12
Developing Brain as a Target of Toxicity
Rodier, P. M. (1995) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3432351 · Cited by 12
Toxic Threats to Neurologic Development of Children
Schettler, T. (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3454643 · Cited by 12
Alcaro, S., Arcone, R., Vecchio, I., Ortuso, F., Gallelli, A., Pasceri, R., Procopio, A., & Iannone, M. (2007) · SAR and QSAR in environmental research · doi:10.1080/10629360701428433 · Cited by 11
Pyrethrum Flowers and Pyrethroid Insecticides
Casida, J. E. (1980) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3428960 · Cited by 11
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Nielsen E, Thorup I, Schnipper A, Hass U, Meyer O, Ladefoged O, Larsen JC, Østergaard G: Children and the unborn child: exposure and susceptibility to chemical substances – an evaluation. 2001, Denmark: The Institute of Food Safety and Toxicology, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity
Grandjean, P., & Landrigan, P. J. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70278-3 · Cited by 1,886
Self-citationChemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture
Nicolopoulou‐Stamati, P., Maipas, S., Kotampasi, C., Stamatis, P., & Hens, L. (2016) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148 · Cited by 1,936
Global trends in pesticides: A looming threat and viable alternatives
Sharma, A., Shukla, A., Attri, K., Kumar, M., Kumar, P., Suttee, A., Singh, G., Barnwal, R. P., & Singla, N. (2020) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110812 · Cited by 599
Environmental pollutants and their effects on human health
Shetty, S. S., Deepthi, D., Harshitha, S., Sonkusare, S., Naik, P. B., Kumari, S., & Madhyastha, H. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19496 · Cited by 539
Maiti, P., Manna, J., & Dunbar, G. L. (2017) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z · Cited by 557
Metadata
- Authors
- Bjørling-Poulsen, M., Andersen, H. R., & Grandjean, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bjørling-Poulsen, Marina
- Venue
- Environmental Health
- Published
- 2008-10-22
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50-50
- ISSN
- 1476-069X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2577708
- OpenAlex
- W2154789444
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 201
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Commission
- U.S. National Library of Medicine
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- developmental neurotoxicity, pesticides, neurodevelopmental deficits, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroid insecticides, ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, chlorophenoxy herbicides, pesticide residues in food, precautionary action, human exposure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Europe, Female, Herbicides, Humans, Male, Pesticide Residues, Pesticides, Predictive Value of Tests, Rabbits, Incidence, Risk Assessment, Neurotoxicity Syndromes, Mice, Epidemiological Monitoring
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review