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The novel BH3 α-helix mimetic JY-1-106 induces apoptosis in a subset of cancer cells (lung cancer, colon cancer and mesothelioma) by disrupting Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein–protein interactions with Bak
Open accessAbstract
Background: It has been shown in many solid tumors that the overexpression of the pro-survival Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2/Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 confers resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. We designed the BH3 α-helix mimetic JY-1-106 to engage the hydrophobic BH3-binding grooves on the surfaces of both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Methods: JY-1-106–protein complexes were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the SILCS methodology. We have evaluated the in vitro effects of JY-1-106 by using a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, an XTT assay, apoptosis assays, and immunoprecipitation and western-blot assays. A preclinical human cancer xenograft model was used to test the efficacy of JY-1-106 in vivo. Results: MD and SILCS simulations of the JY-1-106–protein complexes indicated the importance of the aliphatic side chains of JY-1-106 to binding and successfully predicted the improved affinity of the ligand for Bcl-xL over Mcl-1. Ligand binding affinities were measured via an FP assay using a fluorescently labeled Bak-BH3 peptide in vitro. Apoptosis induction via JY-1-106 was evidenced by TUNEL assay and PARP cleavage as well as by Bax–Bax dimerization. Release of multi-domain Bak from its inhibitory binding to Bcl-2/Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 using JY-1-106 was detected via immunoprecipitation (IP) western blotting. At the cellular level, we compared the growth proliferation IC 50 s of JY-1-106 and ABT-737 in multiple cancer cell lines with various Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression levels. JY-1-106 effectively induced cell death regardless of the Mcl-1 expression level in ABT-737 resistant solid tumor cells, whilst toxicity toward normal human endothelial cells was limited. Furthermore, synergistic effects were observed in A549 cells using a combination of JY-1-106 and multiple chemotherapeutic agents. We also observed that JY-1-106 was a very effective agent in inducing apoptosis in metabolically stressed tumors. Finally, JY-1-106 was evaluated in a tumor-bearing nude mouse model, and was found to effectively repress tumor growth. Strong TUNEL signals in the tumor cells demonstrated the effectiveness of JY-1-106 in this animal model. No significant side effects were observed in mouse organs after multiple injections. Conclusions: Taken together, these observations demonstrate that JY-1-106 is an effective pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor with very promising clinical potential.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cao, X., Yap, J. L., Newell-Rogers, M. K., Peddaboina, C., Jiang, W., Papaconstantinou, H. T., Jupitor, D., Rai, A., Jung, K.-Y., Tubin, R. P., Yu, W., Vanommeslaeghe, K., Wilder, P. T., MacKerell, A. D., Fletcher, S., & Smythe, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University System (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smythe, Roy W
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Cancer
- Published
- 2013-05-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-42
- ISSN
- 1476-4598 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3663763
- OpenAlex
- W2113703332
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 7.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Keywords
- BH3 mimetics, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, Bak, apoptosis, Bcl-2 family proteins, lung cancer, colon cancer, mesothelioma, tumor xenografts, combination chemotherapy, drug repurposing, Mcl-1 inhibitors, PARP cleavage, molecular dynamics simulation, SILCS, ligand binding affinity, aliphatic side chains
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Benzamides, Colonic Neoplasms, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Mesothelioma, Apoptosis, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Molecular Mimicry, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Cell Line, Tumor, bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein, bcl-X Protein, Mice, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, para-Aminobenzoates, Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
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