Cited by 94Cell death mechanisms and regulationCancer-related Molecular PathwaysChemical Synthesis and Analysis

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The novel BH3 α-helix mimetic JY-1-106 induces apoptosis in a subset of cancer cells (lung cancer, colon cancer and mesothelioma) by disrupting Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein–protein interactions with Bak

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Abstract

Background: It has been shown in many solid tumors that the overexpression of the pro-survival Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2/Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 confers resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. We designed the BH3 α-helix mimetic JY-1-106 to engage the hydrophobic BH3-binding grooves on the surfaces of both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Methods: JY-1-106–protein complexes were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the SILCS methodology. We have evaluated the in vitro effects of JY-1-106 by using a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, an XTT assay, apoptosis assays, and immunoprecipitation and western-blot assays. A preclinical human cancer xenograft model was used to test the efficacy of JY-1-106 in vivo. Results: MD and SILCS simulations of the JY-1-106–protein complexes indicated the importance of the aliphatic side chains of JY-1-106 to binding and successfully predicted the improved affinity of the ligand for Bcl-xL over Mcl-1. Ligand binding affinities were measured via an FP assay using a fluorescently labeled Bak-BH3 peptide in vitro. Apoptosis induction via JY-1-106 was evidenced by TUNEL assay and PARP cleavage as well as by Bax–Bax dimerization. Release of multi-domain Bak from its inhibitory binding to Bcl-2/Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 using JY-1-106 was detected via immunoprecipitation (IP) western blotting. At the cellular level, we compared the growth proliferation IC 50 s of JY-1-106 and ABT-737 in multiple cancer cell lines with various Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression levels. JY-1-106 effectively induced cell death regardless of the Mcl-1 expression level in ABT-737 resistant solid tumor cells, whilst toxicity toward normal human endothelial cells was limited. Furthermore, synergistic effects were observed in A549 cells using a combination of JY-1-106 and multiple chemotherapeutic agents. We also observed that JY-1-106 was a very effective agent in inducing apoptosis in metabolically stressed tumors. Finally, JY-1-106 was evaluated in a tumor-bearing nude mouse model, and was found to effectively repress tumor growth. Strong TUNEL signals in the tumor cells demonstrated the effectiveness of JY-1-106 in this animal model. No significant side effects were observed in mouse organs after multiple injections. Conclusions: Taken together, these observations demonstrate that JY-1-106 is an effective pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor with very promising clinical potential.

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Authors
Cao, X., Yap, J. L., Newell-Rogers, M. K., Peddaboina, C., Jiang, W., Papaconstantinou, H. T., Jupitor, D., Rai, A., Jung, K.-Y., Tubin, R. P., Yu, W., Vanommeslaeghe, K., Wilder, P. T., MacKerell, A. D., Fletcher, S., & Smythe, R. W.
Affiliations
  • Texas A&M University System (US)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Corresponding author
Smythe, Roy W
Venue
Molecular Cancer
Published
2013-05-16
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
42-42
ISSN
1476-4598 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2113703332
Cited by
87
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 2
FWCI
7.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation
  • American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Keywords
BH3 mimetics, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, Bak, apoptosis, Bcl-2 family proteins, lung cancer, colon cancer, mesothelioma, tumor xenografts, combination chemotherapy, drug repurposing, Mcl-1 inhibitors, PARP cleavage, molecular dynamics simulation, SILCS, ligand binding affinity, aliphatic side chains
MeSH terms
Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Benzamides, Colonic Neoplasms, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Mesothelioma, Apoptosis, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Molecular Mimicry, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Cell Line, Tumor, bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein, bcl-X Protein, Mice, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, para-Aminobenzoates, Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein

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