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Physical activity, sedentary behavior and total wellness changes among sedentary adults: a 4-week randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The construct of total wellness includes a holistic approach to the body, mind and spirit components of life. While the health benefits of reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity are well documented, little is known about the influence on total wellness of an internet-based physical activity monitor designed to help people to achieve higher physical activity levels. PURPOSE: The purpose of this four-week, personal activity monitor-based intervention program was to reduce sedentary behavior and increase physical activity levels in daily living for sedentary adults and to determine if these changes would also be associated with improvement in total wellness. METHODS: Twenty-two men and 11 women (27 years ± 4.0) were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 18) or control group (n = 15). The intervention group interacted with an online personal activity monitor (Gruve Solution™) designed to reduce sedentary time and increase physical activity during activities of daily living. The control group did not interact with the monitor, as they were asked to follow their normal daily physical activities and sedentary behavior routines. The Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (WEL) inventory was used to assess total wellness. Sedentary time, light, walking, moderate and vigorous intensity physical activities were assessed for both intervention and control groups at baseline and at week-4 by the 7-day Sedentary and Light Intensity Physical Activity Log (7-day SLIPA Log) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS: Significant increases in pre-post total wellness scores (from 64% ± 5.7 to 75% ± 8.5) (t(17) = -6.5, p < 0.001) were observed in the intervention group by the end of week four. Intervention participants decreased their sedentary time (21%, 2.3 hours/day) and increased their light (36.7%, 2.5 hours/day), walking (65%, 1057 MET-min/week), moderate (67%, 455 MET-min/week) and vigorous intensity (60%, 442 MET-min/week) physical activity (all p < 0.001). No significant differences for total wellness were observed between the groups at baseline and no pre-post significant differences were observed for any outcome variable in the control group. CONCLUSION: Total wellness is improved when sedentary, but sufficiently physically active adults, reduce sedentary time and increase physical activity levels (i.e. light, waking, moderate and vigorous).
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“Less time was spent in sedentary behavior for those receiving a consumer-based wearable activity tracker intervention compared with control groups; however, the finding was not significant, and the quality of the evidence was graded as very low [29,31-33,37-40].”
From Consumer-based wearable activity trackers increase physical activity participation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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“Blinding of outcome assessors (detection bias) was assessed as high risk for 7 studies [31,43,45-48,52] because of the use of subjective outcome measures.”
From Consumer-based wearable activity trackers increase physical activity participation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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“A total of 26 studies were included across all meta-analyses [21,22,29-48,50-53].”
From Consumer-based wearable activity trackers increase physical activity participation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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“Thirteen studies included young adults (≤39.9 years) [30-34,37,38,42,44,46-48,50], 15 included middle-aged adults (40-64.9 years) [21,22,29,35,36,39-41, 43,45,51-54], and 1 study included adults aged over 65 years [49].”
From Consumer-based wearable activity trackers increase physical activity participation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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“This result was potentially because of the inclusion of 1 study [31] in the wearable-based meta-analysis that reported a 21% reduction in sitting time.”
From Consumer-based wearable activity trackers increase physical activity participation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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“Similarly, many studies showed that PHT successfully increases physical activity and decreases a sedentary lifestyle [91-93].”
From Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [91]
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Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men
Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1014296 · Cited by 2,527
Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle
Tremblay, M. S., Colley, R. C., Saunders, T. J., Healy, G. N., & Owen, N. G. (2010) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h10-079 · Cited by 1,572
The Wheel of Wellness Counseling for Wellness: A Holistic Model for Treatment Planning
Myers, J. E., Sweeney, T. J., & Witmer, J. M. (2000) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01906.x · Cited by 979
Grøntved, A. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.812 · Cited by 873
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Norton, K., Norton, L., & Sadgrove, D. (2010) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.09.008 · Cited by 804
Interindividual variation in posture allocation: possible role in human obesity
Levine, J. A., Lanningham-Foster, L. M., McCrady, S. K., Krizan, A. C., Olson, L. R., Kane, P. H., Jensen, M. D., & Clark, M. M. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106561 · Cited by 705
Too much sitting – A health hazard
Dunstan, D. W., Howard, B., Healy, G. N., & Owen, N. G. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.020 · Cited by 637
Sedentary Activity Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Physical Activity
Bankoski, A., Harris, T. B., McClain, J. J., Brychta, R. J., Caserotti, P., Chen, K. Y., Berrigan, D., Troiano, R. P., & Koster, A. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0987 · Cited by 535
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Brickwood, K.-J., Watson, G., O'Brien, J., & Williams, A. D. (2019) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/11819 · Cited by 689
Lyons, E. J., Lewis, Z. H., Mayrsohn, B. G., & Rowland, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3469 · Cited by 547
Gardner, B., Smith, L., Lorencatto, F., Hamer, M., & Biddle, S. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2015.1082146 · Cited by 518
Prince, S. A., Saunders, T. J., Gresty, K., & Reid, R. D. (2014) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12215 · Cited by 382
Patient-centered activity monitoring in the self-management of chronic health conditions
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Metadata
- Authors
- Barwais, F. A., Cuddihy, T. F., & Tomson, L.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Griffith University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Barwais, Faisal A
- ORCID
- Barwais, Faisal A
- Venue
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 183
- ISSN
- 1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4228472
- OpenAlex
- W1519074130
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 5.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, physical activity, sedentary adults, light physical activity, walking, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, wellness interventions, activities of daily living, sedentary time reduction, holistic health, online health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Health Promotion, Health Status, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Queensland, Exercise, Walking, Risk Reduction Behavior, Young Adult, Actigraphy, Sedentary Behavior
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