Cited by 189Physical Activity and HealthUrban Green Space and HealthObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Patterns of GPS measured time outdoors after school and objective physical activity in English children: the PEACH project

Open access
Cooper, Ashley R, Page, Angie S, Wheeler, Benedict W, Hillsdon, Melvyn, Griew, Pippa, Jago, Russell·2010·International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have shown a positive association between time outdoors and physical activity in children. Time outdoors may be a feasible intervention target to increase the physical activity of youth, but methods are required to accurately measure time spent outdoors in a range of locations and over a sustained period. The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides precise location data and can be used to identify when an individual is outdoors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GPS data recorded outdoors were associated with objectively measured physical activity. METHODS: Participants were 1010 children (11.0 +/- 0.4 years) recruited from 23 urban primary schools in South West England, measured between September 2006 and July 2008. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry (Actigraph GT1M) and children wore a GPS receiver (Garmin Foretrex 201) after school on four weekdays to record time outdoors. Accelerometer and GPS data were recorded at 10 second epochs and were combined to describe patterns of physical activity when both a GPS and accelerometer record were present (outdoors) and when there was accelerometer data only (indoors). ANOVA was used to investigate gender and seasonal differences in the patterns of outdoor and indoor physical activity, and linear regression was used to examine the cross-sectional associations between GPS-measured time outdoors and physical activity. RESULTS: GPS-measured time outdoors was a significant independent predictor of children's physical activity after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Physical activity was more than 2.5 fold higher outdoors than indoors (1345.8 +/- 907.3 vs 508.9 +/- 282.9 counts per minute; F = 783.2, p < .001). Overall, children recorded 41.7 +/- 46.1 minutes outdoors between 3.30 pm and 8.30 pm, with more time spent outdoors in the summer months (p < .001). There was no gender difference in time spent outdoors. Physical activity outdoors was higher in the summer than the winter (p < .001), whilst there was no seasonal variation in physical activity indoors. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of GPS recording is positively associated with objectively measured physical activity and is sensitive to seasonal differences. Minute by minute patterning of GPS and physical activity data is feasible and may be a useful tool to investigate environmental influences on children's physical activity and to identify opportunities for intervention.

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Crossref · 10.1186/1479-5868-7-31

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Figure 1 Mean percentage of time spent outdoors between 3.30 pm and 8.30 pm by gender (upper panel) and season (lower panel).
Figure 1 Mean percentage of time spent outdoors between 3.30 pm and 8.30 pm by gender (upper panel) and season (lower panel).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Minute-by-minute physical activity levels indoors and outdoors between 3.30 pm and 8.30 pm.
Figure 2 Minute-by-minute physical activity levels indoors and outdoors between 3.30 pm and 8.30 pm.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Mean percentage of time outdoors and accelerometer counts per minute (± 95% confidence interval) outdoors and indoors between 3.30 pm and 8.30 pm by month of data collection.
Figure 3 Mean percentage of time outdoors and accelerometer counts per minute (± 95% confidence interval) outdoors and indoors between 3.30 pm and 8.30 pm by month of data collection.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Cooper, A. R., Page, A. S., Wheeler, B. W., Hillsdon, M., Griew, P., & Jago, R.
Affiliations
  • University of Bristol (GB)
  • Royal Cornwall Hospital (GB)
  • University of Exeter (GB)
Corresponding author
Cooper, Ashley R
Venue
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Published
2010
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
31
ISSN
1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2131894970
Cited by
189
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
FWCI
10.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
  • Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
Funders
World Cancer Research Fund
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
  • Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
outdoor time, children's physical activity, GPS tracking, accelerometry, seasonal variation, gender differences, elementary school students

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