Global matrix 2.0: report card grades on the physical activity of children and youth comparing 38 countries
Open accessAbstract
The Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance organized the concurrent preparation of Report Cards on the physical activity of children and youth in 38 countries from 6 continents (representing 60% of the world's population). Nine common indicators were used (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments), and all Report Cards were generated through a harmonized development process and a standardized grading framework (from A = excellent, to F = failing). The 38 Report Cards were presented at the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health in Bangkok, Thailand on November 16, 2016. The consolidated findings are summarized in the form of a Global Matrix demonstrating substantial variation in grades both within and across countries. Countries that lead in certain indicators often lag in others. Average grades for both Overall Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior around the world are D (low/poor). In contrast, the average grade for indicators related to supports for physical activity was C. Lower-income countries generally had better grades on Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behaviors compared with higher-income countries, yet worse grades for supports from Family and Peers, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments. Average grades for all indicators combined were highest (best) in Denmark, Slovenia, and the Netherlands. Many surveillance and research gaps were apparent, especially for the Active Play and Family and Peers indicators. International cooperation and cross-fertilization is encouraged to address existing challenges, understand underlying determinants, conceive innovative solutions, and mitigate the global childhood inactivity crisis. The paradox of higher physical activity and lower sedentary behavior in countries reporting poorer infrastructure, and lower physical activity and higher sedentary behavior in countries reporting better infrastructure, suggests that autonomy to play, travel, or chore requirements and/or fewer attractive sedentary pursuits, rather than infrastructure and structured activities, may facilitate higher levels of physical activity.
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Approximately 40% of children and adolescents worldwide participate in sport.
“Approximately 40% of children and adolescents worldwide participate in sport (Tremblay et al., 2016).”
From Impact of organized activities on mental health in children and adolescents: An umbrella review (2022) · cites this paper as Tremblay et al., 2016
The Organized Sport Participation section reports an average grade of C across 38 countries; the paper explains that this indicates approximately half of children and youth participate in sport (p. S355). This supports a broad estimate, but not a specific worldwide participation rate of approximately 40%. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA large proportion of children and youth, including those living in low and middle-income countries, are either sedentary or not achieving recommended levels of physical activity.
“a large proportion of children and youth, including those living in low and middle-income countries, are either sedentary or not achieving recommended levels of physical activity.8–11”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
An analysis of report cards of active healthy kids across 15 countries found that 20%-39% of kids in 10 of those countries earned a grade of D in meeting physical activity guidelines and <20% earned an F.
“an analysis of report cards of active healthy kids across 15 countries found that 20%–39% of kids in 10 of those countries earned a grade of D in meeting PA guidelines and <20% earned an F.4”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
The majority of children do not meet physical activity guidelines.
“it is widely reported that the majority of children do not meet these guidelines.”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
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Amornsriwatanakul, A., Nakornkhet, K., Katewongsa, P., Choosakul, C., Kaewmanee, T., Konharn, K., Purakom, A., Santiworakul, A., Sitilertpisan, P., Sriramatr, S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0316 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Results from Colombia’s 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
González, S. A., Sarmiento, O. L., Cohen, D. D., Camargo, D. M., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., Páez, D. C., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2014-0170 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationda Costa, F. F., da Silva, K. S., Schmoelz, C. P., Campos, V. C., & de Assis, M. A. A. (2012) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.06.023 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Yli-Piipari, S. R., Kulmala, J., Jaakkola, T. T., Hakonen, H., Fish, J. C., & Tammelin, T. (2015) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2015-0335 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Results From Spain’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Román‐Viñas, B., Marín-Puyalto, J., Sánchez‐López, M., Aznar, S., Leis, R., Aparicio‐Ugarriza, R., Schröder, H., Ortiz-Moncada, R., Vicente, G., González‐Gross, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0308 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Results From Sweden’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Nyström, C. D., Larsson, C. L., Ehrenblad, B., Eneroth, H., Eriksson, U., Friberg, M., Hagströmer, M., Lindroos, A. K., Reilly, J. J., & Löf, M. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0307 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation2014 Global Summit on the Physical Activity of Children
Tremblay, M. S. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2014-0182 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From Ireland North and South’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Harrington, D. M., MURPHY, M. H., Carlin, A., Coppinger, T. C., Donnelly, A., Dowd, K., Keating, T., Murphy, N. M., Murtagh, E., O’Brien, W., et al. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0334 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lewis, N., Dollman, J., & Dale, M. J. (2007) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.10.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Results From Belgium’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Wijtzes, A. I., Verloigne, M., Mouton, A., Cloes, M., Ridder, K. A. A. D., Cardon, G., & Seghers, J. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0306 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Tremblay, M. S., González, S. A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Onywera, V. O., Reilly, J. J., & Tomkinson, G. R. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0641 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationBurghard, M., Knitel, K., van Oost, I., Tremblay, M. S., Takken, T., & _, _. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0299 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From England’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Wilkie, H. J., Standage, M., Sherar, L. B., Cumming, S. P., Parnell, C., Davis, A., Foster, C. E., & Jago, R. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0298 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Results From Finland’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Tammelin, T., Aira, A., Hakamäki, M., Husu, P., Kallio, J., Kokko, S. P., Laine, K., Lehtonen, K., Mononen, K., Palomäki, S. H., et al. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0297 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Results from Scotland’s 2013 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Reilly, J. J., Dick, F. D., McNeill, G., & Tremblay, M. S. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2014-0183 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From Japan’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Tanaka, C., Tanaka, S., Inoue, S., Miyachi, M., Suzuki, K., & Reilly, J. J. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0296 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From the United Arab Emirates’ 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Zaabi, M. A., Shah, S. M. A., Sheek‐Hussein, M., Abdulle, A. M., AlJunaibi, A., & Loney, T. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0312 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Results From the Republic of Slovenia’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Sember, V., Starc, G., Jurak, G., Golobiĉ, M., Kovač, M., Samardžija, P. P., & Morrison, S. A. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0294 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Results From Brazil’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Nardo, N., Silva, D. A. S., Ferrari, G., Petróski, E. L., Pacheco, R. L., Martins, P. C., de Oliveira, L. C., Araújo, T. L., Mendes, A. A., Lazarin, S. P. B., et al. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0398 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Results From Kenya’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Onywera, V. O., Muthuri, S. K., Hayker, S., Wachira, L.-J. M., Kyallo, F., Mang’eni, R. O., Bukhala, P. W., & Mireri, C. O. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0359 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From South Korea’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Song, Y., Yang, H. I., Lee, E., Yu, M.-S., Kang, M. J., Kang, H. J., Song, W. J., Kim, Y. S., Park, H., Lee, H. J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0402 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Results from the Thailand 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth
Widyastari, D. A., Saonuam, P., Pongpradit, K., Wongsingha, N., Choolers, P., Kesaro, S., Thangchan, W., Pongpaopattanakul, P., Phankasem, K., Musor, M.-E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.06.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Results From Malaysia’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents
Sharif, R., Chong, K. H., Zakaria, N. H., Ong, M. L., Reilly, J. J., Wong, J. E., Saad, H. A., & Poh, B. K. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0404 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From Hong Kong’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Huang, Y., Wong, S. H., Wong, M. C. S., Sit, C. H. P., Sum, R. K. W., & He, G. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0302 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Results From Nigeria’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Adeniyi, A. F., Odukoya, O. O., Oyeyemi, A. L., Adedoyin, R. A., Ojo, O. S., Metseagharun, E., & Akinroye, K. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0305 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Aydoğan, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25984-5_557 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Results From Mexico’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Galaviz, K. I., Arroyo, M. A., González-Casanova, I., Villalobos, ́. F. G., Jáuregui, A., Jáuregui-Ulloa, E. E., Pacheco‐Miranda, S., Rodríguez, M. P., Pelayo, R. A. R., & Lopez-Taylor, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0363 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Changes in indicators of child and youth physical activity in Canada, 2005–2016
Barnes, J. D., & Tremblay, M. S. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/cjph.107.5645 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationResults from Ghana’s 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Ocansey, R. T.-A., Aryeetey, R., Sofo, S. S., Badasu, D. M., Pambo, P., & Nyawornota, V. K. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2014-0171 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Results From the Mozambique 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents
Prista, A., Daca, T., Tchonga, F., Machava, E. J., Macucule, C., & Ribeiro, E. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0526 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Results From Denmark’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Larsen, L. R., Troelsen, J., Kirkegaard, K. L., Riiskjær, S., Krølner, R. F., Østergaard, L. J., Kristensen, P. L., Møller, N. C., Christensen, B. F. N., Jensen, J.-O., et al. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0403 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Results From Poland’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
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Results From Portugal’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
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Results from Mexico’s 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Martínez, M. D. P. R., Galaviz, K. I., Jáuregui-Ulloa, E. E., González-Casanova, I., & y Taylor, J. R. L. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2014-0172 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Results from the Japan 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth
Tanaka, C., Abe, T., Tanaka, S., Hatamoto, Y., Miyachi, M., Inoue, S., & Reilly, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.08.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationResults from New Zealand’s 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
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Results From Zimbabwe’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Manyanga, T., Makaza, D., Mahachi, C. B., Mlalazi, T. F., Masocha, V., Makoni, P., Tapera, E., Khumalo, B., Rutsate, S. H., & Tremblay, M. S. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0304 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationResults From Venezuela’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Herrera‐Cuenca, M., Méndez-Pérez, B., Morales, V. C., Martín-Rojo, J., Tristán, B., Bandy, A. T., Landaeta‐Jiménez, M., Macías-Tomei, C., & López-Blanco, M. (2016) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0610 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Strategic Priorities for Physical Activity Surveillance in the United States
Fulton, J. E., Carlson, S. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Berrigan, D. A., Carlson, C. H., Dorn, J. M., Heath, G. W., Kohl, H. W., Lee, I.-M. M., Lee, S. M., et al. (2016) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000020 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Results from the Danish 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Larsen, L. R. (2016) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dollman, J., Lewis, N., & Dale, M. (2005) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30543-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Tremblay, M. S., Barnes, J. D., González, S. A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Onywera, V. O., Reilly, J. J., Tomkinson, G. R., & _, _.
- Affiliations
- University of South Australia (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- s2
- Pages
- S343-S366
- ISSN
- 1543-3080 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-5474
- OpenAlex
- W2553156512
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 44.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Physical Activity and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure (University of Bath) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (acceptedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Thai Health Promotion Foundation
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15K01690)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Keywords
- physical activity, children and young people, sedentary behavior, active play, organized sports participation, active travel, built environment, family and peer support, cross-national comparison, income level, surveillance gaps
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Health Policy, Health Promotion, Health Surveys, Humans, Motor Activity, Play and Playthings, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior, Research Report
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