The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: therapeutic approaches
Open accessAbstract
Acute ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death in industrialized countries and the most frequent cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Despite advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, therapeutic options remain limited. Only recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for thrombolysis is currently approved for use in the treatment of this devastating disease. However, its use is limited by its short therapeutic window (three hours), complications derived essentially from the risk of hemorrhage, and the potential damage from reperfusion/ischemic injury. Two important pathophysiological mechanisms involved during ischemic stroke are oxidative stress and inflammation. Brain tissue is not well equipped with antioxidant defenses, so reactive oxygen species and other free radicals/oxidants, released by inflammatory cells, threaten tissue viability in the vicinity of the ischemic core. This review will discuss the molecular aspects of oxidative stress and inflammation in ischemic stroke and potential therapeutic strategies that target neuroinflammation and the innate immune system. Currently, little is known about endogenous counterregulatory immune mechanisms. However, recent studies showing that regulatory T cells are major cerebroprotective immunomodulators after stroke suggest that targeting the endogenous adaptive immune response may offer novel promising neuroprotectant therapies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view
Dirnagl, U., Iadecola, C., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1999) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01401-0 · Cited by 3,943
Oxidative Stress, Glutamate, and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Coyle, J. T., & Puttfarcken, P. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7901908 · Cited by 3,762
Rosamond, W., Flegal, K., Friday, G., Furie, K., Go, A., Greenlund, K., Haase, N., Ho, M., Howard, V., Kissela, B., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.179918 · Cited by 3,277
The Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway and its activation by oxidative stress
Nguyen, T., Nioi, P., & Pickett, C. B. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r900010200 · Cited by 2,655
Donnan, G. A., Fisher, M., Macleod, M., & Davis, S. M. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60694-7 · Cited by 2,218
Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke
Lo, E. H., Dalkara, T., & Moskowitz, M. A. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1106 · Cited by 1,781
1,026 Experimental treatments in acute stroke
O'Collins, V. E., Macleod, M. R., Donnan, G. A., Horky, L. L., van der Worp, B. H., & Howells, D. W. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20741 · Cited by 1,460
The role of inflammation in CNS injury and disease
Lucas, S., Rothwell, N. J., & Gibson, R. M. (2006) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706400 · Cited by 1,272
Regulatory T cells are key cerebroprotective immunomodulators in acute experimental stroke
Liesz, A., Suri-Payer, E., Veltkamp, C., Doerr, H., Sommer, C., Rivest, S., Giese, T., & Veltkamp, R. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.1927 · Cited by 1,115
Cuzzocrea, S., Riley, D. P., Caputi, A. P., & Salvemini, D. (2001) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01484-4 · Cited by 1,087
Cited by
Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke
Jayaraj, R. L., Azimullah, S., Beiram, R., Jalal, F. Y., & Rosenberg, G. A. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1516-2 · Cited by 1,428
Surface functionalized exosomes as targeted drug delivery vehicles for cerebral ischemia therapy
Tian, T., Zhang, H.-X., He, C.-P., Fan, S., Zhu, Y.-L., Qi, C., Huang, N.-P., Xiao, Z.-D., Lu, Z.-H., Tannous, B. A., et al. (2018) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.012 · Cited by 1,154
Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage in ischemic stroke
Yang, C., Hawkins, K. E., Doré, S., & Candelario-Jalil, E. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00136.2018 · Cited by 871
Pathogenic mechanisms following ischemic stroke
Khoshnam, S. E., Winlow, W., Farzaneh, M., Farbood, Y., & Moghaddam, H. F. (2017) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-017-2938-1 · Cited by 621
Connectivity-based approaches in stroke and recovery of function
Grefkes, C., & Fink, G. R. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70264-3 · Cited by 554
Metadata
- Authors
- Lakhan, S. E., Kirchgessner, A., & Hofer, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2009-11-17
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 97-97
- ISSN
- 1479-5876 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150842829
- Cited by
- 1,072
- References
- 77
- FWCI
- 24.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: therapeutic approaches. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/1479-5876-7-97
- The paper
- Lakhan, S. E., Kirchgessner, A., & Hofer, M. (2009). Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: therapeutic approaches. Journal of Translational Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-7-97
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
