Cited by 426Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

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A comparative review of cell culture systems for the study of microglial biology in Alzheimer’s disease

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Stansley, Branden, Post, Jan, Hensley, Kenneth·2012·Journal of Neuroinflammation

DOI 10.1186/1742-2094-9-115PMC PMC3407712

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Abstract

Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly apparent that Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology is characterized by activated microglia (brain resident macrophages) as well as the classic features of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The intricacy of microglial biology has also become apparent, leading to a heightened research interest in this particular cell type. Over the years a number of different microglial cell culturing techniques have been developed to study either primary mammalian microglia, or immortalized cell lines. Each microglial system has advantages and disadvantages and should be selected for its appropriateness in a particular research context. This review summarizes several of the most common microglial cell culture systems currently being employed in Alzheimer’s research including primary microglia; BV2 and N9 retroviral immortalized microglia; human immortalized microglia (HMO6); and spontaneously immortalized rodent microglial lines (EOC lines and HAPI cells). Particularities of cell culture requirements and characteristics of microglial behavior, especially in response to applied inflammogen stimuli, are compared and discussed across these cell types.

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Figure 1 ·NO production in EOC-20 cells.A, EOC-20 microglia stimulated only with TNF + IFNγ in combination. Each error bar represents mean ± SEM from six wells of a typical experiment. B, LKE inhibits cytokine-stimulated ·NO production in EOC-20 microglia challenged with 40 ηg/mL TNF + 40 ng/mL IFNγ. Each point represents mean ± SEM from four wells of a typical experiment. SEM, standard error of the mean.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Additional file 2 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
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Additional file 4 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
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Additional file 2 of Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease
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Additional file 5 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
Cai, L., Gong, Q., Qi, L., Xu, T., Suo, Q., Li, X., Wang, W., Jing, Y., Yang, D., Xu, Z., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19643460
Additional file 6 of Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease
Cuní‐López, C., Stewart, R., Oikari, L. E., Nguyen, T. H., Roberts, T. L., Sun, Y., Guo, C. C., Lupton, M. K., White, A. R., & Quek, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26681788
Additional file 6 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098700
Additional file 5 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098697
Additional file 3 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098691
Additional file 2 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098688
Additional file 4 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098694
Additional file 10 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098679
Additional file 1 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098685
Additional file 7 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
Cai, L., Gong, Q., Qi, L., Xu, T., Suo, Q., Li, X., Wang, W., Jing, Y., Yang, D., Xu, Z., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19643466
Additional file 8 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098706
Additional file 7 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098703
Additional file 6 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
Cai, L., Gong, Q., Qi, L., Xu, T., Suo, Q., Li, X., Wang, W., Jing, Y., Yang, D., Xu, Z., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19643463
Additional file 1 of Impact of ambient temperature on inflammation-induced encephalopathy in endotoxemic mice—role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma
Lang, G.-P., Ndongson‐Dongmo, B., Lajqi, T., Brodhun, M., Han, Y., Wetzker, R., Frasch, M. G., & Bauer, R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13065620
Additional file 8 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
Cai, L., Gong, Q., Qi, L., Xu, T., Suo, Q., Li, X., Wang, W., Jing, Y., Yang, D., Xu, Z., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19643469
Additional file 1 of Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease
Cuní‐López, C., Stewart, R., Oikari, L. E., Nguyen, T. H., Roberts, T. L., Sun, Y., Guo, C. C., Lupton, M. K., White, A. R., & Quek, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25237386
Additional file 5 of Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease
Cuní‐López, C., Stewart, R., Oikari, L. E., Nguyen, T. H., Roberts, T. L., Sun, Y., Guo, C. C., Lupton, M. K., White, A. R., & Quek, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26681785
Additional file 7 of Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease
Cuní‐López, C., Stewart, R., Oikari, L. E., Nguyen, T. H., Roberts, T. L., Sun, Y., Guo, C. C., Lupton, M. K., White, A. R., & Quek, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26681791
Additional file 1 of Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots induce ferroptosis through disrupting calcium homeostasis in microglia
Wu, T., Wang, X., Cheng, J., Liang, X., Li, Y., Chen, M., Kong, L., & Tang, M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19418275
Additional file 9 of ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway
Cai, L., Gong, Q., Qi, L., Xu, T., Suo, Q., Li, X., Wang, W., Jing, Y., Yang, D., Xu, Z., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19643472
Additional file 9 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098712
Additional file 3 of Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease
Cuní‐López, C., Stewart, R., Oikari, L. E., Nguyen, T. H., Roberts, T. L., Sun, Y., Guo, C. C., Lupton, M. K., White, A. R., & Quek, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26681779
Additional file 11 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, X., Ku, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Deng, M., Arase, H., Zhu, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20098682
Additional file 4 of Advanced patient-specific microglia cell models for pre-clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease
Cuní‐López, C., Stewart, R., Oikari, L. E., Nguyen, T. H., Roberts, T. L., Sun, Y., Guo, C. C., Lupton, M. K., White, A. R., & Quek, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26681782
Peripheral Inflammation and Cognitive Decline in Early Parkinson’s Disease: The Roles of IL-6 and TNF-αPreprint
Kanneganti, B. (2025) · doi:10.58445/rars.3448

Authors: Stansley, B., Post, J., & Hensley, K.
Affiliations: University of Toledo Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Hensley, Kenneth
ORCID: Stansley, Branden
Venue: Journal of Neuroinflammation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-05-31
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 115-115
ISSN: 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-115
PMC: PMC3407712
OpenAlex: W2164594351
Cited by: 419
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 8.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (vor)
Locations: Journal of Neuroinflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r21ns066279-03)
National Institute on Aging (R01AG031553)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA7606, R01DA007606)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21-NS066279)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: microglia, Alzheimer's disease, primary microglia, BV-2 cells, N9 cells, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Cell Line, Transformed, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Microglia, Cell Culture Techniques

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A comparative review of cell culture systems for the study of microglial biology in Alzheimer’s disease

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