Cited by 223Epigenetics and DNA MethylationAir Quality and Health ImpactsBirth, Development, and Health

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Placental DNA hypomethylation in association with particulate air pollution in early life

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that altered DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism in prenatal programming and that developmental periods are sensitive to environmental stressors. We hypothesized that exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) during pregnancy could influence DNA methylation patterns of the placenta. METHODS: In the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, levels of 5'-methyl-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) and deoxycytidine (dC) were quantified in placental DNA from 240 newborns. Multiple regression models were used to study placental global DNA methylation and in utero exposure to PM2.5 over various time windows during pregnancy. RESULTS: PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy averaged (25th-75th percentile) 17.4 (15.4-19.3) μg/m3. Placental global DNA methylation was inversely associated with PM2.5 exposures during whole pregnancy and relatively decreased by 2.19% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.65, -0.73%, p = 0.004) for each 5 μg/m3 increase in exposure to PM2.5. In a multi-lag model in which all three trimester exposures were fitted as independent variables in the same regression model, only exposure to PM2.5 during trimester 1 was significantly associated with lower global DNA methylation (-2.13% per 5 μg/m3 increase, 95% CI: -3.71, -0.54%, p = 0.009). When we analyzed shorter time windows of exposure within trimester 1, we observed a lower placental DNA methylation at birth during all implantation stages but exposure during the implantation range (6-21d) was strongest associated (-1.08% per 5 μg/m3 increase, 95% CI: -1.80, -0.36%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a lower degree of placental global DNA methylation in association with exposure to particulate air pollution in early pregnancy, including the critical stages of implantation. Future studies should elucidate genome-wide and gene-specific methylation patterns in placental tissue that could link particulate exposure during in utero life and early epigenetic modulations.

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Crossref · 10.1186/1743-8977-10-22

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Figure 1 Bivariate analysis of placental global DNA methylation in association with prenatal exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5). PM2.5 exposures (μg/m3) are presented with spearman correlation coefficients for the whole pregnancy (A) and first trimester (B). In panel C, the association between average PM2.5 concentrations and placental global DNA methylation is given. The effect of the average concentrations over 91 days periods was estimated using restricted cubic splines with 5 knots located at the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 1 Bivariate analysis of placental global DNA methylation in association with prenatal exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5). PM2.5 exposures (μg/m3) are presented with spearman correlation coefficients for the whole pregnancy (A) and first trimester (B). In panel C, the association between average PM2.5 concentrations and placental global DNA methylation is given. The effect of the average concentrations over 91 days periods was estimated using restricted cubic splines with 5 knots located at the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Relative difference in global DNA methylation of placental tissue in association with in utero exposure to particulate air pollution (PM2.5) during various time windows (n = 240). The effect size is a relative difference (95% CI) in mean placental global DNA methylation for each 5 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 exposure (μg/m3). Model 1 (●) is adjusted for newborn’s gender, maternal age, gestational age, parity, maternal education, smoking status, prenatal acetaminophen use, season at conception and trimester-specific apparent temperature. Model 2 (■) is additionally adjusted for the corresponding NO2 and maximum 8-hour average O3 exposure.
Figure 2 Relative difference in global DNA methylation of placental tissue in association with in utero exposure to particulate air pollution (PM2.5) during various time windows (n = 240). The effect size is a relative difference (95% CI) in mean placental global DNA methylation for each 5 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 exposure (μg/m3). Model 1 (●) is adjusted for newborn’s gender, maternal age, gestational age, parity, maternal education, smoking status, prenatal acetaminophen use, season at conception and trimester-specific apparent temperature. Model 2 (■) is additionally adjusted for the corresponding NO2 and maximum 8-hour average O3 exposure.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Janssen, B. G., Godderis, L., Pieters, N., Poels, K., Kiciński, M., Cuypers, A., Fierens, F., Penders, J., Plusquin, M., Gyselaers, W., & Nawrot, T. S.
Affiliations
  • Hasselt University (BE)
  • KU Leuven (BE)
  • Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (BE)
Corresponding author
Nawrot, Tim S
Venue
Particle and Fibre Toxicology
Published
2013-06-07
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
22-22
ISSN
1743-8977 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2143882086
Cited by
222
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 3
FWCI
7.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Particle and Fibre Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Lirias (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • KU Leuven
  • Universiteit Hasselt
  • Vlaamse regering
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
placental DNA methylation, particulate matter, PM2.5, prenatal air pollution exposure, prenatal programming, epigenetics, implantation, first trimester, placenta, ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, 5-methylcytosine
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Deoxycytidine, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Placenta, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimesters, Biomarkers, Maternal Exposure, DNA Methylation, Inhalation Exposure, Epigenesis, Genetic, Particulate Matter, Young Adult

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