Placental mitochondrial methylation and exposure to airborne particulate matter in the early life environment: An ENVIR ON AGE birth cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Most research to date has focused on epigenetic modifications in the nuclear genome, with little attention devoted to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Placental mtDNA content has been shown to respond to environmental exposures that induce oxidative stress, including airborne particulate matter (PM). Damaged or non-functioning mitochondria are specifically degraded through mitophagy, exemplified by lower mtDNA content, and could be primed by epigenetic modifications in the mtDNA. We studied placental mtDNA methylation in the context of the early life exposome. We investigated placental tissue from 381 mother-newborn pairs that were enrolled in the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. We determined mtDNA methylation by bisulfite-pyrosequencing in 2 regions, i.e., the D-loop control region and 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1), and measured mtDNA content by qPCR. PM2.5 exposure was calculated for each participant's home address using a dispersion model. An interquartile range (IQR) increment in PM2.5 exposure over the entire pregnancy was positively associated with mtDNA methylation (MT-RNR1: +0.91%, P = 0.01 and D-loop: +0.21%, P = 0.05) and inversely associated with mtDNA content (relative change of -15.60%, P = 0.001) in placental tissue. mtDNA methylation was estimated to mediate 54% [P = 0.01 (MT-RNR1)] and 27% [P = 0.06 (D-loop)] of the inverse association between PM2.5 exposure and mtDNA content. This study provides new insight into the mechanisms of altered mitochondrial function in the early life environment. Epigenetic modifications in the mitochondrial genome, especially in the MT-RNR1 region, substantially mediate the association between PM2.5 exposure during gestation and placental mtDNA content, which could reflect signs of mitophagy and mitochondrial death.
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In utero exposure to PM2.5 led to lower mtDNA content and modified the methylation level in the MT-RNR1 region.
“Janssen et al. [192] reported in utero exposure to PM2.5 led to lower mtDNA content (as described in the section on oxidative stress), as well as modified the methylation level in the MT-RNR1 region.”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [192]
The Discussion reports lower placental mtDNA content associated with prenatal particulate exposure and a positive association between PM2.5 exposure and MT-RNR1 methylation. The Results describe these as associations, so the claim’s wording that exposure “led to” the changes is more causal than the study establishes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEpigenetic modifications in placental mtDNA have been correlated with PM2.5 exposure.
“Last, epigenetic modifications in placental mtDNA have been correlated with PM2.5 exposure.”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [192]
Factors including traffic-related elemental carbon, maternal smoking, endogenous metabolites, cell senescence, and ageing alter mtDNA methylation.
“Furthermore, mtDNA methylation is disturbed by environmental and other factors, such as traffic-derived elemental carbon105, maternal smoking106, endogenous metabolites107, cell senescence108 and ageing109.”
From Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [105]
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- Authors
- Janssen, B. G., Byun, H.-M., Gyselaers, W., Lefebvre, W., Baccarelli, A. A., & Nawrot, T. S.
- Affiliations
- Hasselt University (BE)
- Harvard University (US)
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (BE)
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Nawrot, Tim S
- ORCID
- Venue
- Epigenetics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-05-21
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 536-544
- ISSN
- 1559-2294 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-2308
- PMC
- PMC4623402
- OpenAlex
- W1828742533
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 9.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Epigenetics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES022694, R01ES021733, R01ES021357)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Keywords
- PM2.5 exposure, airborne particulate matter, mtDNA content, mitophagy, MT-RNR1, D-loop, oxidative stress, ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, mediation analysis
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mitochondria, Placenta, Pregnancy, RNA, Ribosomal, Oxidative Stress, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Particulate Matter, Genome, Mitochondrial
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