The DOI matches its Crossref record; 133 of the 133 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity
Open accessAbstract
The study of the potential risks associated with the manufacture, use, and disposal of nanoscale materials, and their mechanisms of toxicity, is important for the continued advancement of nanotechnology. Currently, the most widely accepted paradigms of nanomaterial toxicity are oxidative stress and inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. This review will highlight the significance of autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. Most endocytic routes of nanomaterial cell uptake converge upon the lysosome, making the lysosomal compartment the most common intracellular site of nanoparticle sequestration and degradation. In addition to the endo-lysosomal pathway, recent evidence suggests that some nanomaterials can also induce autophagy. Among the many physiological functions, the lysosome, by way of the autophagy (macroautophagy) pathway, degrades intracellular pathogens, and damaged organelles and proteins. Thus, autophagy induction by nanoparticles may be an attempt to degrade what is perceived by the cell as foreign or aberrant. While the autophagy and endo-lysosomal pathways have the potential to influence the disposition of nanomaterials, there is also a growing body of literature suggesting that biopersistent nanomaterials can, in turn, negatively impact these pathways. Indeed, there is ample evidence that biopersistent nanomaterials can cause autophagy and lysosomal dysfunctions resulting in toxicological consequences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Regulated portals of entry into the cell
Conner, S. D., & Schmid, S. L. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01451 · Cited by 3,805
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy
He, C., & Klionsky, D. J. (2009) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910 · Cited by 3,609
Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages
Aderem, A., & Underhill, D. M. (1999) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.593 · Cited by 2,854
Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin 1 autophagy gene
Qu, X., Yu, J., Bhagat, G., Furuya, N., Hibshoosh, H., Troxel, A., Rosen, J., Eskelinen, E.-L., Mizushima, N., Ohsumi, Y., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci20039 · Cited by 2,311
Sahay, G., Alakhova, D. Y., & Kabanov, A. V. (2010) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.01.036 · Cited by 2,181
New-Concept Chemotherapy by Nanoparticles of Biodegradable Polymers: Where Are We Now?
Feng, S.-S. (2006) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/17435889.1.3.297 · Cited by 1,951
Autophagy: from phenomenology to molecular understanding in less than a decade
Klionsky, D. J. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2245 · Cited by 1,934
De Duve, C., De Barsy, T., Poole, B., Trouet, A., Tulkens, P., & Van Hoof, F. (1974) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(74)90174-9 · Cited by 1,901
Franchi, L., Eigenbrod, T., Muñoz-Planillo, R., & Nuñez, G. (2009) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1703 · Cited by 1,834
Regulation of Mammalian Autophagy in Physiology and Pathophysiology
Ravikumar, B., Sarkar, S., Davies, J. E., Futter, M., Garcia-Arencibia, M., Green-Thompson, Z. W., Jimenez-Sanchez, M., Korolchuk, V. I., Lichtenberg, M., Luo, S., et al. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2009 · Cited by 1,727
Cited by
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1
Klionsky, D. J., Abdel-Aziz, A. K., Abdelfatah, S., Abdellatif, M., Abdoli, A., Abel, S., Abeliovich, H., Abildgaard, M. H., Abudu, Y. P., Acevedo-Arozena, A., et al. (2021) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 · Cited by 2,897
Kim, S. E., Zhang, L., Ma, K., Riegman, M., Chen, F., Ingold, I., Conrad, M., Turker, M. Z., Gao, M., Jiang, X., et al. (2016) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.164 · Cited by 622
Toxicology of silica nanoparticles: an update
Murugadoss, S., Lison, D., Godderis, L., Van Den Brule, S., Mast, J., Brassinne, F., Sebaihi, N., & Hoet, P. H. (2017) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-017-1993-y · Cited by 518
Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets
Guan, F., Wang, R., Yi, Z., Luo, P., Liu, W., Xie, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, Z., Zhang, H., & Cheng, Q. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02124-y · Cited by 371
Nanotechnology in Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals—A Review of Latest Advancements
Gupta, V., Mohapatra, S., Mishra, H., Farooq, U., Kumar, K., Ansari, M., Aldawsari, M., Alalaiwe, A., Mirza, M., & Iqbal, Z. (2022) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels8030173 · Cited by 370
Metadata
- Authors
- Stern, S. T., Adiseshaiah, P. P., & Crist, R. M.
- Venue
- Particle and Fibre Toxicology
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20
- ISSN
- 1743-8977 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155687923
- Cited by
- 836
- References
- 133
- FWCI
- 33.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/1743-8977-9-20
- The paper
- Stern, S. T., Adiseshaiah, P. P., & Crist, R. M. (2012). Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-9-20
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
