Cited by 130Tuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyMental Health Treatment and AccessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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The relationship between anxiety, depression and illness perception in tberculosis patients in Pakistan

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Husain, Mohammed O, Dearman, Sam P, Chaudhry, Imran B, Rizvi, Nadeem, Waheed, Waquas·2008·Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health

DOI 10.1186/1745-0179-4-4PMC PMC2288599

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: As the rates of TB world over have increased during the past 10 years, there has been a growing awareness of depression and its role in the outcome of chronic disorders. Though depression is common in patients with TB no study as yet has examined the prevalence of depression in this group in Pakistan. We aimed to determine the presence of depression, anxiety and illness perceptions in patients suffering from Tuberculosis (TB) in Pakistan. METHODS: 108 consecutive outpatients with tuberculosis completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ). RESULTS: Out of 108 patients, 50 (46.3%) were depressed and 51 (47.2%) had anxiety. Raised depression and anxiety scores were associated with an increase in the number of symptoms reported (HADS Depression: r = 0.346, p = < 0.001), more serious perceived consequences (HADS Depression: r = 0.279, p = 0.004, HADS Anxiety: r = 0.234, p = 0.017) and less control over their illness (HADS Depression: r = 0.239, p = 0.014, HADS Anxiety: r = 0.271, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: We found that about a half of patients in our sample met the criteria for probable depression and anxiety based on HADS score. Negative illness perceptions were clearly related to reports of mood symptoms. As depression and lack of perceived control over illness in those suffering from tuberculosis are reported to be independent predictors of poor adherence further studies to investigate their relationship with medication adherence are required.

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

Volmink J Garner P Interventions promoting adherence to tuberculosis Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000 4 CD000010 11034666
Dearman SP Waheed W Whitehead Dickens C Role of depression and illness perception in poor compliance in Tuberculosis European Association for Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics conference abstracts, Berlin 2004
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Authors: Husain, M. O., Dearman, S. P., Chaudhry, I. B., Rizvi, N., & Waheed, W.
Affiliations: St George's, University of London (GB)
Pakistan Institute of Learning and Living (PK)
Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (PK)
Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Husain, Mohammed O
ORCID: Chaudhry, Imran B
Waheed, Waquas
Venue: Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published: 2008
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 4
ISSN: 1745-0179 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1745-0179-4-4
PMC: PMC2288599
OpenAlex: W1994947459
Cited by: 130
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 3.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: tuberculosis, depression, anxiety, illness perception, perceived control, perceived consequences, medication adherence

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The relationship between anxiety, depression and illness perception in tberculosis patients in Pakistan

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