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Cited by 470Trypanosoma species research and implicationsHistory of Medicine and Tropical HealthHistorical Medical Research and Treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The history of African trypanosomiasis

Open access
Steverding, Dietmar·2008·Parasites & Vectors
DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-1-3PMC PMC2270819
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Abstract

The prehistory of African trypanosomiasis indicates that the disease may have been an important selective factor in the evolution of hominids. Ancient history and medieval history reveal that African trypanosomiasis affected the lives of people living in sub-Saharan African at all times. Modern history of African trypanosomiasis revolves around the identification of the causative agents and the mode of transmission of the infection, and the development of drugs for treatment and methods for control of the disease. From the recent history of sleeping sickness we can learn that the disease can be controlled but probably not be eradicated. Current history of human African trypanosomiasis has shown that the production of anti-sleeping sickness drugs is not always guaranteed, and therefore, new, better and cheaper drugs are urgently required.

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Figure 1 Last section of the damaged Veterinary Papyrus of the Kahun Papyri about the cattle disease ushau dating from 2nd millennium BC. The translation reads as follows: (1) Title: Treatment of the eyes (?) of a bull with ushau in winter. (2) If you see a bull with ushau (3) in winter, and he is blinded (?), (4) his two eyes are thick; gash thou as (5) above. If you see a bull (6) with ushau in winter from cold, (7) since its arrival in (?) the summer, (8) his temples are wrinkled (?), his eyes are running, his stomach groaning (?), (9) he does not walk (?) .........(10) ............... (11) ............... (12) thou all his body with ......... as is done to one (13) with a bruise (?) [11].
Figure 1 Last section of the damaged Veterinary Papyrus of the Kahun Papyri about the cattle disease ushau dating from 2nd millennium BC. The translation reads as follows: (1) Title: Treatment of the eyes (?) of a bull with ushau in winter. (2) If you see a bull with ushau (3) in winter, and he is blinded (?), (4) his two eyes are thick; gash thou as (5) above. If you see a bull (6) with ushau in winter from cold, (7) since its arrival in (?) the summer, (8) his temples are wrinkled (?), his eyes are running, his stomach groaning (?), (9) he does not walk (?) .........(10) ............... (11) ............... (12) thou all his body with ......... as is done to one (13) with a bruise (?) [11].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Sir David Bruce (1855–1931). The Scottish bacteriologist identified T. brucei as the aetiological agent of nagana disease.
Figure 2 Sir David Bruce (1855–1931). The Scottish bacteriologist identified T. brucei as the aetiological agent of nagana disease.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Number of reported cases of sleeping sickness and population screened, 1939–2004. Grey columns, number of reported cases; black circles, population screened. Data derived from [27,33].
Figure 3 Number of reported cases of sleeping sickness and population screened, 1939–2004. Grey columns, number of reported cases; black circles, population screened. Data derived from [27,33].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/2000.1 Chapter 8 – African trypanosomiasis WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-prone Infectious Diseases 2000 World Health Organization 95 106

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Metadata

Authors
Steverding, D.
Affiliations
University of East Anglia (GB)
Corresponding author
Steverding, Dietmar
ORCID
Steverding, Dietmar
Venue
Parasites & Vectors
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2008
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
3
ISSN
1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1756-3305-1-3
PMC
PMC2270819
OpenAlex
W2117650737
Cited by
470
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 19
FWCI
7.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Trypanosoma species research and implications
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › History of Medicine and Tropical Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
Keywords
sleeping sickness, history of medicine, hominid evolution, disease transmission, trypanosome identification, antitrypanosomal drugs, disease control, sub-Saharan Africa

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