Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 201

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Exciting new advances in oral cancer diagnosis: avenues to early detection

Open access
Mehrotra, Ravi, Gupta, Dwijendra K·2011·Head & Neck Oncology
DOI 10.1186/1758-3284-3-33
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The prognosis for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma remains poor in spite of advances in therapy of many other malignancies. Early diagnosis and treatment remains the key to improved patient survival. Because the scalpel biopsy for diagnosis is invasive and has potential morbidity, it is reserved for evaluating highly suspicious lesions and not for the majority of oral lesions which are clinically not suspicious. Furthermore, scalpel biopsy has significant interobserver and intraobserver variability in the histologic diagnosis of dysplasia. There is an urgent need to devise critical diagnostic tools for early detection of oral dysplasia and malignancy that are practical, noninvasive and can be easily performed in an out-patient set-up. Diagnostic tests for early detection include brush biopsy, toluidine blue staining, autofluorescence, salivary proteomics, DNA analysis, biomarkers and spectroscopy. This state of the art review critically examines these tests and assesses their value in identifying oral squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1758-3284-3-33

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 50

  1. Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Muwonge R, Thara S, Mathew B, Rajan B: Trivandrum Oral Cancer Screening Study Group. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005, 365 (9475): 1927-33. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66658-5. · DOI · Paper page
  2. Kujan O, Glenny AM, Oliver RJ, Thakker N, Sloan P: Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006, 3: CD004150-
  3. Mehrotra R, Hullmann M, Smeets R, Reichert TE, Driemel O: Oral cytology revisited. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009, 38: 161-6. · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00709.x
  4. Mehrotra R, Singh M, Thomas S, Nair P, Pandya S, Nigam NS, Shukla P: Cross-sectional study evaluating chemiluminescence and autofluorescence in the detection of clinically innocuous precancerous and cancerous oral lesions. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010, 141: 151-6. · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0132
  5. Sciubba JJ: Improving detection of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions. Computer-assisted analysis of the oral brush biopsy. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999, 130: 1445-57. · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0055
  6. Scheifele C, Schmidt-Westhausen AM, Dietrich T, Reichart A: The sensitivity and specificity of the oral CDx technique: evaluation of 103 cases. Oral Oncol. 2004, 40: 824-8. 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.02.004. · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.02.004
  7. Gupta A, Singh M, Ibrahim R, Mehrotra R: Utility of toluidine blue and oral brush biopsy in oral precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Cytol. 2007, 51: 788-94. 10.1159/000325843. · doi:10.1159/000325843
  8. Holmstrup P, Vedtofte P, Reibel J, Stoltze K: Oral premalignant lesions: is biopsy reliable?. J Oral Path Med. 2007, 36: 262-6. 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00513.x. · DOI · Paper page
  9. Seoane J, Varela-Centelles P, Ramirez JR, Romero MA, De La Cruz A: Artefacts produced by suture traction during incisional biopsy of oral lesions. Clin Otolaryngol. 2002, 27: 549-53. 10.1046/j.1365-2273.2002.00619.x. · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2273.2002.00619.x
  10. Moule L, Parsons PA, Irvine GH: Avoiding artefacts in oral biopsies: the punch biopsy versus the incisional biopsy. Br J Maxillofac Surg. 1995, 33: 244-7. 10.1016/0266-4356(95)90010-1. · DOI
  11. Kusukawa J, Suefuji Y, Ryu F, Noguchi R, Iwamoto O, Kameyama T: Dissemination of cancer cells into circulation occurs by incisional biopsy of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000, 29: 303-7. 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290703.x. · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290703.x
  12. Dyavanagoudar S, Kale A, Bhat K, Hallikerimath S: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction study to evaluate dissemination of cancer cells into circulation after incision biopsy in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Indian J Dent Res. 2008, 19: 315-9. 10.4103/0970-9290.44534. · doi:10.4103/0970-9290.44534
  13. Klein DR: The use of the carbon dioxide laser in plastic surgery. South Med J. 1977, 70: 429-31. 10.1097/00007611-197704000-00018. · doi:10.1097/00007611-197704000-00018
  14. Lee JJ, Hung HC, Cheng SJ, Chiang CP, Liu BY, Yu CH, Jeng JH, Chang HH, Kok SH: Factors associated with underdiagnosis from incisional biopsy of oral leukoplakic lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007, 104 (2): 217-25. 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.02.012. · doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.02.012
  15. Woolgar JA, Triantafyllou A: Pitfalls and procedures in the histopathological diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a review of the role of pathology in prognosis. Oral Oncol. 2009, 45: 361-85. 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.07.016. · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.07.016
  16. Bryne M, Koppang H, Lilleng R, Kjaerhheim A: Malignancy trading of the deep invasive margins of oral squamous cell carcinomas has high prognostic value. J Pathol. 1992, 166: 375-81. 10.1002/path.1711660409. · DOI · Paper page
  17. Mashberg A: Toluidine blue. J Can Dent Assoc. 1995, 61 (11): 922-944.
  18. Martin IC, Kerawala CJ, Reed M: The application of toluidine blue as a diagnostic adjunct in the detection of epithelial dysplasia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998, 85 (4): 444-6. 10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90071-3. · doi:10.1016/s1079-2104(98)90071-3
  19. Epstein JB, Güneri P: The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009, 17 (2): 79-87. 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832771da. · doi:10.1097/moo.0b013e32832771da
  20. Mehrotra R, Gupta A, Singh M, Ibrahim R: Application of cytology and molecular biology in diagnosing premalignant or malignant oral lesions. Mol Cancer. 2006, 5: 1-11. · doi:10.1186/1476-4598-5-11
  21. Fend F, Emmert-Buck MR, Chuaqui R, Cole K, Lee J, Liotta LA, Raffeld M: Immuno-LCM: Laser capture micro dissection of immunostained frozen sections for mRNA analysis. Am J Pathol. 1999, 154: 61-6. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65251-0. · DOI · Paper page
  22. He H, Sun G, Ping F: Laser-capture microdissection and protein extraction for protein fingerprint of OSCC and OLK. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 2009, 37 (5): 208-13. 10.1080/10731190903199028. · doi:10.1080/10731190903199028
  23. Mehrotra R, Vasstrand EN, Ibrahim SO: Recent advances in understanding carcinogenicity of oral squamous cell carcinoma: from basic molecular biology to latest genomic and proteomic findings. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2004, 1: 283-94.
  24. Bradley G, Odell EW, Raphael S, Ho J, Le LW, Benchimol S, Kamel-Reid S: Abnormal DNA content in oral epithelial dysplasia is associated with increased risk of progression to carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2010, 103 (9): 1432-42. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605905. · DOI
  25. Maraki D, Becker J, Boecking A: Cytologic and DNA cytometric very early diagnosis of oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004, 33: 398-404. 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.0235.x. · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.0235.x
  26. Maraki D, Yalcinkaya S, Pomjanski N, Megahed M, Boecking A, Becker J: Cytologic and DNA-cytometric examination of oral lesions in lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med. 2006, 35 (4): 227-32. 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00401.x. · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00401.x
  27. Handschel J, Oz D, Pomjanski N, Depprich R, Ommerborn MA, Braunstein S, Kübler NR, Meyer U, Böcking A: Additional use of DNA-image cytometry improves the assessment of resection margins. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007, 36 (8): 472-5. 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00564.x. · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00564.x
  28. Remmerbach TW, Mathes SN, Weidenbach H, Hemprich A, Böcking A: Noninvasive brush biopsy as an innovative tool for early detection of oral carcinomas. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir. 2004, 8 (4): 229-36. · doi:10.1007/s10006-004-0542-z
  29. Remmerbach TW, Meyer-Ebrecht D, Aach T, Würflinger T, Bell AA, Schneider TE, Nietzke N, Frerich B, Böcking A: Toward a multimodal cell analysis of brush biopsies for the early detection of oral cancer. Cancer Cytopathol. 2009, 117 (3): 228-35. 10.1002/cncy.20028. · doi:10.1002/cncy.20028
  30. Remmerbach TW, Wottawah F, Dietrich J, Lincoln B, Wittekind C, Guck J: Oral cancer diagnosis by mechanical phenotyping. Cancer Res. 2009, 69 (5): 1728-32. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4073. · DOI · Paper page
  31. Hirshberg A, Yarom N, Amariglio N, Yahalom R, Adam I, Stanchescu R, Ben-Dov I, Taicher S, Rechavi G, Trakhtenbrot L: Detection of non-diploid cells in premalignant and malignant oral lesions using combined morphological and FISH analysis - a new method for early detection of suspicious oral lesions. Cancer Lett. 2007, 253 (2): 282-90. 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.02.008. · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2007.02.008
  32. Bremmer JF, Graveland AP, Brink A, Braakhuis BJ, Kuik DJ, Leemans CR, Bloemena E, van der Waal I, Brakenhoff RH: Screening for oral precancer with noninvasive genetic cytology. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009, 2 (2): 128-33. 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0128. · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0128
  33. Nagler RM: Saliva as a tool for oral cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Oral Oncol. 2009, 45: 1006-10. 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.07.005. · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.07.005
  34. Bahar G, Feinmesser R, Popovtzer A, Nagler RM: Salivary analysis in oral cancer patients: DNA and protein oxidation, reactive nitrogen species, and antioxidant profile. Cancer. 2007, 109 (1): 54-9. 10.1002/cncr.22386. · DOI · Paper page
  35. Li Y, St John MA, Zhou X, Kim Y, Sinha U, Jordan RC, Eisele D, Abemayor E, Elashoff D, Park NH, Wong DT: Salivary transcriptome diagnostics for oral cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res. 2004, 10: 8442-50. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1167. · DOI · Paper page
  36. Shpitzer T, Bahar G, Feinmesser R, Nagler RM: A comprehensive salivary analysis for oral cancer diagnosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2007, 133 (9): 613-7. 10.1007/s00432-007-0207-z. · doi:10.1007/s00432-007-0207-z
  37. Zhong LP, Zhang CP, Zheng JW, Li J, Chen WT, Zhang ZY: Increased Cyfra 21-1 concentration in saliva from primary oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Arch Oral Biol. 2007, 52 (11): 1079-87. 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.05.005. · DOI
  38. Zimmermann BG, Wong DT: Salivary mRNA targets for cancer diagnostics. Oral Oncol. 2008, 44 (5): 425-9. 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.09.009. · DOI
  39. Screaton GR, Bell MV, Jackson DG, Cornelis FB, Gerth V, Bell JI: Genomic structure of DNA encoding the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 reveals at least 12 alternatively spliced exons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992, 89: 12160-4. 10.1073/pnas.89.24.12160. · DOI · Paper page
  40. Ziober BL, Mauk MG, Falls EM, Chen Z, Ziober AF, Bau HH: Lab-on-a-chip for oral cancer screening and diagnosis. Head Neck. 2008, 30 (1): 111-21. 10.1002/hed.20680. · DOI
  41. Papamarkakis K, Bird B, Bedrossian M, Laver N, Wein R Diem M: Cytopathology by optical methods: spectral cytopathology of the oral mucosa. Lab Invest. 2010, 90 (4): 589-98. 10.1038/labinvest.2010.1. · doi:10.1038/labinvest.2010.1
  42. Roblyer D, Richards-Kortum R, Sokolov K, El-Naggar AK, Williams MD, Kurachi C, Gillenwater AM: Multispectral optical imaging device for in vivo detection of oral neoplasia. J Biomed Opt. 2008, 13 (2): 024019-10.1117/1.2904658. · DOI · Paper page
  43. Poh CF, Zhang L, Anderson DW, Durham JS, Williams PM, Priddy RW, Berean KW, Ng S, Tseng OL, MacAulay C, Rosin MP: Fluorescence visualization detection of field alterations in tumor margins of oral cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2006, 12 (22): 6716-22. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1317. · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1317
  44. Vedeswari CP, Jayachandran S, Ganesan S: In vivo autofluorescence characteristics of pre- and post-treated oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot study. Indian J Dent Res. 2009, 20 (3): 261-7. 10.4103/0970-9290.57354. · doi:10.4103/0970-9290.57354
  45. Kurachi C, Fontana CR, Rosa LE, Bagnato VS: Fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of tongue carcinoma--validation in an animal model. J Biomed Opt. 2008, 13 (3): 034018-10.1117/1.2937214. · DOI
  46. Majumder SK, Majumder SK, Ghosh N, Kataria S, Gupta PK: Nonlinear pattern recognition for laser-induced fluorescence diagnosis of cancer. Lasers Surg Med. 2003, 33 (1): 48-56. 10.1002/lsm.10191. · doi:10.1002/lsm.10191
  47. Mallia R, Thomas SS, Mathews A, Kumar R, Sebastian P, Madhavan J, Subhash N: Oxygenated hemoglobin diffuse reflectance ratio for in vivo detection of oral pre-cancer. J Biomed Opt. 2008, 13 (4): 041306-10.1117/1.2952007. · doi:10.1117/1.2952007
  48. Pavlova I, Williams M, El-Naggar A, Richards-Kortum R, Gillenwater A: Understanding the biological basis of autofluorescence imaging for oral cancer detection: high-resolution fluorescence microscopy in viable tissue. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14 (8): 2396-404. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1609. · DOI · Paper page
  49. Kim CS, Wilder-Smith P, Ahn YC, Liaw LH, Chen Z, Kwon YJ: Enhanced detection of early-stage oral cancer in vivo by optical coherence tomography using multimodal delivery of gold nanoparticles. J Biomed Opt. 2009, 14 (3): 034008-10.1117/1.3130323. · doi:10.1117/1.3130323
  50. Jerjes W, Upile T, Conn B, Betz CS, McKenzie G, Radhi H, Vourvachis M, El Maaytah M, Sandison A, Jay A, Hopper C: In vitro examination of suspicious oral lesions using optical coherence tomography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010, 48: 18-25. 10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.04.019. · doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.04.019

Cited by

See all 201

Metadata

Authors
Mehrotra, R., & Gupta, D. K.
Venue
Head & Neck Oncology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2011-07-28
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
33-33
ISSN
1758-3284 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1758-3284-3-33
OpenAlex
W2104265110
Cited by
201
References
1
FWCI
12.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Exciting new advances in oral cancer diagnosis: avenues to early detection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/1758-3284-3-33
The paper
Mehrotra, R., & Gupta, D. K. (2011). Exciting new advances in oral cancer diagnosis: avenues to early detection. Head & Neck Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-3284-3-33

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.