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Cited by 73Cancer Risks and FactorsGlobal Cancer Incidence and ScreeningBRCA gene mutations in cancer

Risk factors for breast cancer in a population with high incidence rates

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Wrensch, Margaret, Chew, Terri, Farren, Georgianna, Barlow, Janice, Belli, Flavia, Clarke, Christina, Erdmann, Christine A, Lee, Marion +7 more·2003·Breast Cancer Research
DOI 10.1186/bcr605PMC PMC165017
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: This report examines generally recognized breast cancer risk factors and years of residence in Marin County, California, an area with high breast cancer incidence and mortality rates. METHODS: Eligible women who were residents of Marin County diagnosed with breast cancer in 1997-99 and women without breast cancer obtained through random digit dialing, frequency-matched by cases' age at diagnosis and ethnicity, participated in either full in-person or abbreviated telephone interviews. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, 285 cases were statistically significantly more likely than 286 controls to report being premenopausal, never to have used birth control pills, a lower highest lifetime body mass index, four or more mammograms in 1990-94, beginning drinking after the age of 21, on average drinking two or more drinks per day, the highest quartile of pack-years of cigarette smoking and having been raised in an organized religion. Cases and controls did not significantly differ with regard to having a first-degree relative with breast cancer, a history of benign breast biopsy, previous radiation treatment, age at menarche, parity, use of hormone replacement therapy, age of first living in Marin County, or total years lived in Marin County. Results for several factors differed for women aged under 50 years or 50 years and over. CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar distributions of several known breast cancer risk factors, case-control differences in alcohol consumption suggest that risk in this high-risk population might be modifiable. Intensive study of this or other areas of similarly high incidence might reveal other important risk factors proximate to diagnosis.

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  • Of the 13 methodologically most rigorous studies, nine (69%) reported positive associations with R/S or positive effects of an R/S intervention (all involving Eastern meditation).

    “Of the 13 methodologically most rigorous studies, nine (69%) reported positive associations with R/S [457–461] or positive effects of an R/S intervention (all involving Eastern meditation) [462–465].”

    From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [458]

    The Results > Risk factors (page unavailable) report an association between religious upbringing and breast-cancer case status, so this paper can support the association portion of the citation. It does not report a beneficial effect of religion or spirituality, assess an Eastern-meditation intervention, or establish the review-level count of nine out of 13 studies. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Authors
Wrensch, M., Chew, T., Farren, G., Barlow, J., Belli, F., Clarke, C., Erdmann, C. A., Lee, M., Moghadassi, M., Peskin-Mentzer, R., Quesenberry, C. P., Souders-Mason, V., Spence, L., Suzuki, M., & Gould, M.
Affiliations
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Zero Breast Cancer (US)
  • Cancer Prevention Institute of California (US)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author
Wrensch, Margaret
ORCID
Venue
Breast Cancer Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2003-08-01
Volume
5
Issue
4
Pages
R88-102
ISSN
  • 1465-5411 (ISSN-L)
  • 1465-542X
DOI
10.1186/bcr605
PMC
PMC165017
OpenAlex
W1818165656
Cited by
73
References
40
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
FWCI
3.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Breast Cancer Research (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
California Breast Cancer Research Program (4AB-14801, 5BB-1201)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › BRCA gene mutations in cancer
Keywords
breast cancer risk factors, Marin County, alcohol consumption, premenopausal status, body mass index, mammography screening, cigarette smoking, religious affiliation, modifiable risk factors, young women
MeSH terms
Alcohol Drinking, Breast Neoplasms, California, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Religion, Risk Factors, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Case-Control Studies

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