Cited by 342Migraine and Headache StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesHealth Education and Validation

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Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine

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Seo, Jong-Geun, Park, Sung-Pa·2015·The Journal of Headache and Pain

DOI 10.1186/s10194-015-0583-8PMC PMC4656257

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric problems have been commonly reported in patients with migraine. This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) in patients with migraine. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from a headache clinic and a neuropsychologist examined their GAD using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus Version 5.0.0 (MINI). Subjects completed several instruments, including the GAD-7, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), and the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life (MSQoL). RESULTS: Among 146 participants, 32 patients (21.9 %) had GAD as determined by the MINI. Cronbach's α for the GAD-7 and GAD-2 were 0.915 and 0.820, respectively. At a cutoff score of 5, the GAD-7 had a sensitivity of 78.1 %, a specificity of 74.6 %, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 46.3 %, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.4 %. At a cutoff score of 1, the GAD-2 had a sensitivity of 84.4 %, a specificity of 72.8 %, a PPV of 46.6 %, and a NPV of 94.3 %. The scores of the GAD-7 and GAD-2 well correlated with the BAI score, the MIDAS score, the HIT-6 score, and the MSQoL score. CONCLUSIONS: The GAD-7 and GAD-2 are both reliable and valid screening instruments for GAD in patients with migraine.

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Fig. 1 Receiver operating characteristic curves of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2CC BY · PubMed Central

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“The GAD-7 is a well validated (Löwe et al., 2008; Seo & Park, 2015) 7-item questionnaire.”
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“Self-reported anxiety symptoms were dichotomized for the analyses with a cut-off point 4/5, i.e. minimal anxiety (0–4 points) vs. mild, moderate or severe anxiety (5–21 points), because it has been shown [45] sum of sensitivity and specificity [45].”
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“46”
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“또한 GAD-7 중 처음 2문항을 이용한 GAD-2의 총점이 2점 이상이면 범불안장애를 선별할 수 있다.(46)”
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“Seo와 Park [25]의 연구에서 신뢰도 Cronbach’s ⍺는 .”
Influential
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MethodInfluential
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BackgroundInfluential
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de Souza, J. S., Antunes, M. O. B., de Oliveira, V. D. S. L., Hammes, J. H., de Oliveira, L. B., Vieira, R. V. D. A., Jurno, M. E., Friedrich, F., & Grassi, V. (2024) · Headache Medicine/Revista Headache Medicine · doi:10.48208/headachemed.2024.35
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Authors: Seo, J.-G., & Park, S.-P.
Affiliations: Kyungpook National University (KR)
Corresponding author: Park, Sung-Pa
ORCID: Seo, Jong-Geun
Park, Sung-Pa
Venue: The Journal of Headache and Pain
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-11-23
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 97-97
ISSN: 1129-2369 (ISSN-L)
1129-2377
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-015-0583-8
PMC: PMC4656257
OpenAlex: W2173864200
Cited by: 341
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8
FWCI: 8.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (unspecified)
Locations: The Journal of Headache and Pain (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Migraine and Headache Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Keywords: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-2, generalized anxiety disorder, migraine, anxiety screening, psychometric validation, reliability statistics, sensitivity and specificity, migraine disability, migraine-related quality of life, headache impact
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Migraine Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity, Young Adult

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Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine

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