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The biology <b>,</b> function <b>,</b> and biomedical applications of exosomes

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Liposomes: Structure, composition, types, and clinical applications

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Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

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Membrane Lipid Composition: Effect on Membrane and Organelle Structure, Function and Compartmentalization and Therapeutic Avenues

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Molecular mechanisms of tumor resistance to radiotherapy

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Tangential Flow Filtration for Highly Efficient Concentration of Extracellular Vesicles from Large Volumes of Fluid

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CRISPR-Cas systems: Overview, innovations and applications in human disease research and gene therapy

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Effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niche formation in tumors

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Comparative analysis of tangential flow filtration and ultracentrifugation, both combined with subsequent size exclusion chromatography, for the isolation of small extracellular vesicles

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The biogenesis and secretion of exosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs): Intercellular shuttles and implications in human diseases

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Potential Use of Exosomes as Diagnostic Biomarkers and in Targeted Drug Delivery: Progress in Clinical and Preclinical Applications

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CSC Radioresistance: A Therapeutic Challenge to Improve Radiotherapy Effectiveness in Cancer

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A comprehensive review of challenges and advances in exosome-based drug delivery systems

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Influence of surface chemistry and morphology of nanoparticles on protein corona formation

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Nanomaterials and Their Impact on the Immune System

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Current research trends of nanomedicines

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Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics

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Exosomes as Naturally Occurring Vehicles for Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: Insights from Drug Delivery to Clinical Perspectives

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Manufacturing Therapeutic Exosomes: from Bench to Industry

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Characterization of Hypoxia Signature to Evaluate the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Predict Prognosis in Glioma Groups

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Gold Nanoparticles as a Potent Radiosensitizer: A Transdisciplinary Approach from Physics to Patient

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Polymeric nanocarriers as stimuli-responsive systems for targeted tumor (cancer) therapy: Recent advances in drug delivery

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Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Cancer Therapy

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Nanomaterial-based CT contrast agents and their applications in image-guided therapy

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A narrative review of tumor heterogeneity and challenges to tumor drug therapy

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Exosome-based delivery strategies for tumor therapy: an update on modification, loading, and clinical application

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Acquired resistance in cancer: towards targeted therapeutic strategies

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Mechanisms and applications of radiation-induced oxidative stress in regulating cancer immunotherapy

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Inflammation in cancer: therapeutic opportunities from new insights

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The Influence of Radiation on Bone and Bone Cells—Differential Effects on Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts

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Nanomaterials-assisted photothermal therapy for breast cancer: State-of-the-art advances and future perspectives

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Roles of exosomes in immunotherapy for solid cancers

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Exosomes: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

Aheget, H., Mazini, L., Martı́n, F., Belqat, B., Marchal, J. A., & Benabdellah, K. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13010084 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems: Endogenous Nanovehicles for Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Heterogeneity in Cancer

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Exploring the Interplay of Antioxidants, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Implications

Altanam, S. Y., Darwish, N., & Bakillah, A. (2025) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases13090309 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Translational Challenges and Prospective Solutions in the Implementation of Biomimetic Delivery Systems

Wang, Z., Wang, X.-P., Xu, W., Li, Y.-X., Lai, R.-Z., Qiu, X.-H., Chen, X., Chen, Z.-D., Mi, B., Wu, M., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15112623 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Exosome-Based Carrier for RNA Delivery: Progress and Challenges

Lu, Y., Huang, W. C., Li, M., & Zheng, A. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15020598 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Nanoengineering facilitating the target mission: targeted extracellular vesicles delivery systems design

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Double‐strand DNA break repair: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Tan, J., Sun, X., Zhao, H., Guan, H., Gao, S., & Zhou, P. (2023) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.388 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

The Key Role of Exosomes on the Pre-metastatic Niche Formation in Tumors

Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., Qiu, L., Zhuang, Z., Wei, M., Deng, X., Wang, Z., & Han, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.703640 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Recent advances in scalable exosome production: Challenges and innovations

Chen, H., & Li, Q. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.05.001 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy

Kumari, S., Mukherjee, S., Sinha, D., Abdisalaam, S., Krishnan, S., & Asaithamby, A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21218151 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Liposomal Formulations: A Recent Update

Agrawal, S. S., Baliga, V., & Londhe, V. Y. (2024) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17010036 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Therapeutic Application of Exosomes in Inflammatory Diseases

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Exosomes as Emerging Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Modality for Breast Cancer: Recent Advances in Isolation and Application

Kumar, D. N., Chaudhuri, A., Aqil, F., Dehari, D., Munagala, R., Singh, S. K., Gupta, R. C., & Agrawal, A. K. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14061435 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Upregulation of exosome secretion from tumor-associated macrophages plays a key role in the suppression of anti-tumor immunity

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Current knowledge of hybrid nanoplatforms composed of exosomes and organic/inorganic nanoparticles for disease treatment and cell/tissue imaging

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Insight into the Functional Dynamics and Challenges of Exosomes in Pharmaceutical Innovation and Precision Medicine

Sharma, A., Yadav, A., Nandy, A., & Ghatak, S. (2024) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16060709 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Exosomes in Precision Oncology and Beyond: From Bench to Bedside in Diagnostics and Therapeutics

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Exosomes in cancer nanomedicine: biotechnological advancements and innovations

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Enhancing radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor immunity via nanoparticle-mediated STING agonist synergy

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Exosome regulation of immune response mechanism: Pros and cons in immunotherapy

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Exosomes impact survival to radiation exposure in cell line models of nervous system cancer

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Extracellular vesicles for the delivery of gene therapy

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Antioxidants in cancer therapy mitigating lipid peroxidation without compromising treatment through nanotechnology

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Advanced delivery systems for gene editing: A comprehensive review from the GenE-HumDi COST Action Working Group

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The Exosome-Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases

Iranpanah, A., Kooshki, L., Moradi, S. Z., Saso, L., Fakhri, S., & Khan, H. Z. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15031006 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment

Rahimian, S., Najafi, H., Afzali, B., & Doroudian, M. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12010123 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and exosomal miRNAs-mediated intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and the biology of carcinogenesis: a systematic review

Nedaeinia, R., Najafgholian, S., Salehi, R., Goli, M., Ranjbar, M., Nickho, H., Javanmard, S. H., Ferns, G. A., & Manian, M. (2024) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-024-02146-5 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Cancer immunomodulation using bispecific aptamers

Thomas, B. J., Porciani, D., & Burke, D. H. (2022) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Antidiabetic activity enhancement in streptozotocin + nicotinamide–induced diabetic rats through combinational polymeric nanoformulation

Rani, R., Dahiya, S., Dhingra, D., Dilbaghi, N., Kaushik, A. K., Kim, K., & Kumar, S. (2019) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s205319 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Advances in Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles: Design Strategies, Functionalization, Oncological and Non-Oncological Clinical Prospects

Jacob, S., Varkey, N. R., Boddu, S. H. S., Gorain, B., Rao, R., & Nair, A. B. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18121772 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Exosomes: from basic research to clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer

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Extracellular Vesicles in Modifying the Effects of Ionizing Radiation

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Radiation nanosensitizers in cancer therapy—From preclinical discoveries to the outcomes of early clinical trials

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Recent Advances in the Development of Bioreactors for Manufacturing of Adoptive Cell Immunotherapies

Ganeeva, I., Zmievskaya, E., Valiullina, A., Kudriaeva, A. A., Рифкатовна, М. Р., Rybalov, A. A., & Bulatov, E. (2022) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering9120808 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Engineered exosomes as drug and RNA co-delivery system: new hope for enhanced therapeutics?

Chen, H., Yao, H., Chi, J., Li, C., Liu, Y., Jiayi, Y., Yu, J., Wang, J., Ruan, Y., Pi, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1254356 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Exosome Source Matters: A Comprehensive Review from the Perspective of Diverse Cellular Origins

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Scalable isolation of surface-engineered extracellular vesicles and separation of free proteins via tangential flow filtration and size exclusion chromatography (TFF-SEC)

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Exosome-mediated radiosensitizing effect on neighboring cancer cells via increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species

Nakaoka, A., Nakahana, M., Inubushi, S., Akasaka, H., Salah, M., Fujita, Y., Kubota, H., Hassan, M., Nishikawa, R., Mukumoto, N., et al. (2021) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2021.7964 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Targeted Delivery of Exosomes Armed with Anti-Cancer Therapeutics

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Stem Cells in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies

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Methods and Challenges in Purifying Drug‐Loaded Extracellular Vesicles

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Exosome engineering for targeted therapy of brain-infecting pathogens: molecular tools, delivery platforms, and translational advances

Onohuean, H., Bukke, S. P. N., Thalluri, C., Abass, K. S., & Choonara, Y. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Medical Technology · doi:10.3389/fmedt.2025.1655471 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Influence of Hypoxia on Tumor Heterogeneity, DNA Repair, and Cancer Therapy: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Strategies

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Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy: Innovations and Challenges

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Enhanced bioprocess control to advance the manufacture of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles in stirred‐tank bioreactors

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Main Approaches to Enhance Radiosensitization in Cancer Cells by Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review

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Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design

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Stability Dynamics of Plant-Based Extracellular Vesicles Drug Delivery

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The Footprint of Exosomes in the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects

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Advancements in SELEX Technology for Aptamers and Emerging Applications in Therapeutics and Drug Delivery

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Overcoming Radioresistance: Small Molecule Radiosensitisers and Hypoxia-activated Prodrugs

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Pancreatic cancer and exosomes: role in progression, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment

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The rising roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment reprogramming and cancer immunotherapy

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Graphene-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Overcoming Cancer Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review

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Exosomes in inflammation and cancer: from bench to bedside applications

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Nanoparticle-based immunotherapeutics: From the properties of nanocores to the differential effects of administration routes

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Scalable purification of extracellular vesicles with high yield and purity using multimodal flowthrough chromatography

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3D Spheroid Cultures of Stem Cells and Exosome Applications for Cartilage Repair

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Overcoming the Impact of Hypoxia in Driving Radiotherapy Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Hypoxia induced exosomal Circ-ZNF609 promotes pre-metastatic niche formation and cancer progression via miR-150-5p/VEGFA and HuR/ZO-1 axes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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PARP1: A comprehensive review of its mechanisms, therapeutic implications and emerging cancer treatments

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Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutic Cargo Delivery for Cancer Therapy

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Multifunctional Engineering of Exosomes for Precision Therapeutics: Strategies for Targeted Delivery, Barrier Evasion, and Clinical Translation

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Development of Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanomedicines in Hypoxic Tumors and Their Therapeutic Promise in Oral Cancer

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Exosome-Mediated Response to Cancer Therapy: Modulation of Epigenetic Machinery

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Physicochemical Modulation Strategies for Mass Production of Extracellular Vesicle

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Emerging role of exosomes as a liquid biopsy tool for diagnosis, prognosis & monitoring treatment response of communicable & non-communicable diseases

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Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species for Radiotherapy and Phototherapy

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Exosome-mediated PROTAC delivery for treatment of RNA viral infections and zoonosis

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Extracellular vesicles as nature's nano carriers in cancer therapy: Insights toward preclinical studies and clinical applications

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The effect of nanoparticle coating on biological, chemical and biophysical parameters influencing radiosensitization in nanoparticle-aided radiation therapy

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Transforming cancer immunotherapy: integration of distinct immune-based approaches as redefined dual immunotherapy with potential third-sensitizer

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Cytotoxic and molecular differences of anticancer agents on 2D and 3D cell culture

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Chemoradiotherapy and nanomedicine: Drug mechanisms and delivery systems

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The potential of vascular normalization for sensitization to radiotherapy

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Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment

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Hybrid Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy: Advancements in Co-Delivery of Gene Therapy and Immunotherapy

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Improving Radiation Response in Glioblastoma Using ECO/siRNA Nanoparticles Targeting DNA Damage Repair

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Metal–Organic Framework-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: A Review

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Functional Nanoparticles for Enhanced Cancer Therapy

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Exosomes reveal the dual nature of radiotherapy in tumor immunology

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Engineered exosomes as precision tools for brain-targeted drug delivery and treatment of central nervous system diseases

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From 2D cultures to 3D systems: evolving cancer models at the interface of functional precision medicine and theranostics

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On the Primary Water Radicals’ Production in the Presence of Gold Nanoparticles: Electron Pulse Radiolysis Study

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Camptothecin Delivery via Tumor-Derived Exosome for Radiosensitization by Cell Cycle Regulation on Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice

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Passing of Nanocarriers across the Histohematic Barriers: Current Approaches for Tumor Theranostics

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Radiobiological perspective on metrics for quantifying dose enhancement effects of High-Z nanoparticles

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Nanoradiosensitizer with good tissue penetration and enhances oral cancer radiotherapeutic effect

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Radiotherapy-chemodynamic cancer therapy using bismuth-based nanoparticles: a synergistic approach for enhanced cancer treatment

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Molecular Radiation Biology

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Emerging nanoradiosensitizers and nanoradioprotectants for enhanced cancer theranostics

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Programmable metal-based immuno-photocatalytic nanoparticles for precision activation of anti-tumor immunity

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Strategies, Challenges and Application Prospects for Exosome Engineering Modifications in Tumor Targeted Therapeutics

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A phase I, first‐in‐human study investigating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the maturation inhibitor GSK3739937

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Exosomes in liquid biopsy and oncology: Nanotechnological interplay and the quest to overcome cancer drug resistance

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A radiobiological perspective on radioresistance or/and radiosensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

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Revolutionizing cancer treatment: engineering mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles

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Cellular landscaping of exosomal miRNAs in cancer metastasis: From chemoresistance to prognostic markers

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Advancements in exosome-based cancer diagnosis: from chipsets to nano vaccine

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Recent Insights into Organoid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications

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Extracellular vesicles and the “six Rs” in radiotherapy

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Harnessing the Biological Responses Induced by Nanomaterials for Enhanced Cancer Therapy

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Hypoxic tumor exosomes suppress macrophage inflammation and ferroptosis via NDUFV2 to enhance bystander tumor radioresistance

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Radiation and chemotherapy variable response induced by tumor cell hypoxia: impact of radiation dose, anticancer drug, and type of cancer

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Exosomes: The Role in Tumor Tolerance and the Potential Strategy for Tumor Therapy

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Exosomes derived from ccRCC cells confers fibroblasts activation to foster tumor progression through Warburg effect by downregulating PANK3

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Theranostic Nanoparticles in Prostate Cancer: Disrupting Hypoxia‐Induced Glycolysis by Targeting Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1 Alpha and Downstream Metabolites

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Tumor Radiosensitization with Gold Nanoparticles: Evolving Strategies To Improve Tumoral Gold Uptake and Catalyze Future Clinical Translation

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Fractionated irradiation of MCF7 breast cancer cells rewires a gene regulatory circuit towards a treatment‐resistant stemness phenotype

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Role and potential therapeutic strategies of matrix mechanics for optimizing tumor radiotherapy

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Impact of Radiation on Exosomes in Regulating Tumor Immune Microenvironment

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Metal‐organic frameworks‐based nanomedicines to promote cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and future directions

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The influence of atomic number on the radiosensitization efficiency of metallic nanorods: A Monte Carlo simulation study

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Extracellular vesicle-based targeted RNA therapies against cancer

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Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy

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Knocking on Cells’ Door: Strategic Approaches for miRNA and siRNA in Anticancer Therapy

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Equivalent-Uniform-Dose Optimization for Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy

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Role of exosomes in modulating non-small cell lung cancer radiosensitivity

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Gene expression silencing therapy in tumors, focus on gastrointestinal and genitourinary tumors

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In vivo Efficacy Studies in Cell Line and Patient-derived Xenograft Mouse Models

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Inhibition of DNA Repair by Inappropriate Activation of ATM, PARP, and DNA-PK with the Drug Agonist AsiDNA

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“Under the hood”: artificial intelligence in personalized radiotherapy

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Cytotoxic Effects of Lecaniodiscus Cupanioides (Planch.) Extract and Triterpenoids-derived Gold Nanoparticles On MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

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Biomaterials for biomarker imaging and detection

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Engineered exosome based immunomodulation therapies: Advancements and clinical applications

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Current regulatory requirements for assessment of immunogenicity for gene therapy medicinal products

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The Role of Exosomes as Endogenous Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery: Isolation, Engineering, and Clinical Progress in Neurological and Other Diseases

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Clonal evolution and therapy resistance in the era of precision cancer medicine: evolutionary trajectories in pediatric cancer

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Role of exosomes in cancer: from diagnosis to therapy

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Impact of Hypoxia on Radiation-Based Therapies for Liver Cancer

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The Radiosensitizing Effect of Tumor-Derived Microparticles Co-Loaded with Sorafenib and Gold Nanoparticles on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Exosomes Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles and Temozolomide for Targeted Therapy of Glioblastoma

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Exosome based theranostic approaches in breast cancer, a new answer of Indian breast cancer-associated health crisis – Correspondence

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Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Distinct Paths Toward Precision Glioma Treatment

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Advance of different strategies to achieve radiosensitivity based on nanomaterials

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Innovative nanoparticle-based therapies for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs): advances, challenges, and future directions

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Next-generation strategies against prostate cancer: natural products and nanomedicine targeting prostate cancer stem cells

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Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiosensitization in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence and Translational Challenges

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