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Cited by 24Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma ApplicationsMagnetic and Electromagnetic EffectsSeed Germination and Physiology

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Application of cold argon plasma on germination, root length, and decontamination of soybean cultivars

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Abstract

Applying cold discharge plasma can potentially alter plants' germination characteristics by triggering their physiological activities. As a main crop in many countries, soybean was examined in the present study using cultivars such as Arian, Katoul, Saba, Sari, and Williams in a cold argon plasma. This study has been motivated by the importance of plant production worldwide, considering climate change and the increasing needs of human populations for food. This study was performed to inspect the effect of cold plasma treatment on seed germination and the impact of argon plasma on microbial decontamination was investigated on soybeans. Also, the employed cultivars have not been studied until now the radicals generated from argon were detected by optical emission spectrometry (OES), and a collisional radiative model was used to describe electron density. The germination properties, including final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), root length, and electrical conductivity of biomolecules released from the seeds, were investigated after the plasma treatments for 30, 60, 180, 300, and 420 s. The decontamination effect of the plasma on Aspergillus flavus (A.flavus) and Fusarium solani (F.solani) was also examined. The plasma for 60 s induced a maximum FGP change of 23.12 ± 0.34% and a lowest MGT value of 1.40 ± 0.007 days. Moreover, the ultimate root length was 56.12 ± 2.89%, in the seeds treated for 60 s. The plasma exposure, however, failed to yield a significant enhancement in electrical conductivity, even when the discharge duration was extended to 180 s or longer. Therefore, the plasma duration of 180 s was selected for the blotter technique. Both fungi showed successful sterilization; their infectivity inhibition was 67 ± 4 and 65 ± 3.1%, respectively. In general, the cold plasma used for soybeans in the present study preserved their healthy qualities and reduced the degree of fungal contamination.

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Crossref · 10.1186/s12870-024-04730-4

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Figures

Fig. 1 a A schematic view of cold plasma apparatus, b The position of seeds on the apparatus, and c The apparatus when the plasma was turned on and applied to seeds. The enlarged part indicates the filamentary cold plasma inside the system
Fig. 1 a A schematic view of cold plasma apparatus, b The position of seeds on the apparatus, and c The apparatus when the plasma was turned on and applied to seeds. The enlarged part indicates the filamentary cold plasma inside the systemCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Schematic of the experimental setup for optical emission spectroscopy
Fig. 2 Schematic of the experimental setup for optical emission spectroscopyCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Electrical signal (voltage and current) of the argon DBD
Fig. 3 Electrical signal (voltage and current) of the argon DBDCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 a Emission spectrum of argon plasma with voltage and frequency of 5 kV and 8 kHz at atmospheric pressure and b Theoretical (CRM) spectral line intensities of argon plasma
Fig. 4 a Emission spectrum of argon plasma with voltage and frequency of 5 kV and 8 kHz at atmospheric pressure and b Theoretical (CRM) spectral line intensities of argon plasmaCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Boltzmann plot from ArI lines produced by plasma DBD
Fig. 5 Boltzmann plot from ArI lines produced by plasma DBDCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 6 Final germination percentage (FGP) of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significant
Fig. 6 Final germination percentage (FGP) of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significantCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 7 Mean germination time (MGT) of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significant
Fig. 7 Mean germination time (MGT) of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significantCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 8 Root length of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significant
Fig. 8 Root length of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significantCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 9 Electrical conductivity (EC) of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significant
Fig. 9 Electrical conductivity (EC) of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significantCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 10 Microorganism infection of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significant. Reg and cer are abbreviated forms of registered and certified classes. The control and test are the seeds without and with plasma treatment
Fig. 10 Microorganism infection of soybean cultivars and classes. * indicates the significant relation between the registered class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. # indicates the significant relation between the certified class of a cultivar as compared to the control group. $ indicates the significant relation between the registered and certified class of a cultivar within a cultivar. The values lower than 0.05 was considered as significant. Reg and cer are abbreviated forms of registered and certified classes. The control and test are the seeds without and with plasma treatmentCC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Show all 132 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Menashi W. Treatment of surfaces. Sl patent No. 3383163. Treatment Washington, DC: US Patent and Trademark Office; 1968.
  2. Ominakhon G, et al. Morphological characteristics and diseases of Soy plants. Eurasian Res Bull. 2023;20:103–6.
  3. Akatsuka H. Optical Emission Spectroscopic (OES) analysis for diagnostics of electron density and temperature in non-equilibrium argon plasma based on collisional-radiative model. Adv Physics: X. 2019;4(1):1592707.
  4. Shashikanthalu SP, Ramireddy L, Radhakrishnan M. Stimulation of the germination and seedling growth of cuminum cyminum L. seeds by cold plasma. J Appl Res Med Aromatic Plants. 2020;18:100259.
  5. Mutete P, et al. Hyphaene petersiana dormancy and germination. Seed Sci Technol. 2019;47(3):377–83.
  6. Nehra V, Kumar A, Dwivedi H. Atmospheric non-thermal plasma sources. Int J Eng. 2008;2(1):53–68.

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Sayahi, K., Sari, A. H., Hamidi, A., Nowruzi, B., & Hassani, F.
Affiliations
  • Islamic Azad University, Tehran (IR)
  • Agricultural Research & Education Organization (IR)
Corresponding author
Sari, Amir Hossein
Venue
BMC Plant Biology
Published
2024-01-22
Volume
24
Issue
1
Pages
59-59
ISSN
1471-2229 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4391075549
Cited by
24
References
132
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5
FWCI
6.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Plant Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Seed Germination and Physiology
Keywords
soybean, seed germination, root length, seed electrical conductivity, microbial decontamination, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, seed-borne fungi, soybean cultivars, optical emission spectroscopy, collisional-radiative model, electron density
MeSH terms
Argon, Decontamination, Humans, Glycine max, Germination, Plasma Gases

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Application of cold argon plasma on germination, root length, and decontamination of soybean cultivars. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/s12870-024-04730-4
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Sayahi, K., Sari, A. H., Hamidi, A., Nowruzi, B., & Hassani, F. (2024). Application of cold argon plasma on germination, root length, and decontamination of soybean cultivars. BMC Plant Biology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04730-4

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