Predictors of a negative labour and birth experience based on a national survey of Canadian women
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BACKGROUND: A negative birth experience has been shown to have a significant impact on the well-being and future choices of mothers. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and identify the risk factors associated with a negative birth experience for women in Canada. METHODS: The study was based on secondary data analysis of the Maternity Experiences Survey (MES), a Canadian population database administered to 6,421 Canadian women in 2006. The examined outcome - negative birth experience - was derived from mothers' self-report of overall labour and birth experience. Independent variables were maternal demographics, health characteristics, pregnancy-related characteristics, and birth characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the significant predictors of negative birth experience. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) and 95 % Confidence Intervals (CI) are reported. RESULTS: Negative birth experience was reported among 9.3 % of women. The main significant predictors of a negative birth experience included older age (AOR 2.29, 95 % CI, 1.03-5.07), violence experienced in the past two years (AOR, 1.62, 95 % CI, 1.21-2.18), poor self-perceived health (adjusted OR, 1.95, 95 % CI, 1.36-2.80), prenatal classes attended (adjusted OR, 1.36, 95 % CI, 1.06-1.76), unintended pregnancy (adjusted OR, 1.30, 95 % CI, 1.03-1.63), caesarean birth (AOR, 1.65, 95 % CI, 1.32-2.06), and neonate admission to intensive care (AOR, 1.40, 95 % CI, 1.08-1.82). CONCLUSION: Significant predictors of a negative labour and birth experience were identified through this study, a first in the Canadian context. These findings suggest future research directions and provide a basis for the design and evaluation of maternal health policy and prevention programs.
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Spontaneous childbirth, compared to childbirth involving instrumentation or Caesarean section, is positively associated with satisfaction.
“Spontaneous childbirth, compared to childbirth involving instrumentation or Caesarean section, is positively associated with satisfaction, which is consistent with previous reports. 32,34”
From Comprehensive maternity support and shared care in Switzerland: Comparison of levels of satisfaction (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
The Results report that caesarean birth was associated with greater odds of a negative labour and birth experience, and the Discussion links caesarean birth to lower childbirth satisfaction. The paper describes its birth-type comparison as vaginal versus caesarean; it does not establish the claimed comparison between spontaneous and instrument-assisted births. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAge is associated with greater satisfaction in young women compared to older women during childbirth.
“Age is associated with greater satisfaction in young women compared to older women during childbirth, which is consistent with previous Canadian results, 34 but con fl icting results have been reported in the past. 8,32,33”
From Comprehensive maternity support and shared care in Switzerland: Comparison of levels of satisfaction (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Smarandache, A., Kim, T. H. M., Bohr, Y., & Tamim, H.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Theresa H. M.
- Venue
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Published
- 2016-05-18
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 114-114
- ISSN
- 1471-2393 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4870779
- OpenAlex
- W2394938726
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 11.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Public Health Agency
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- negative birth experience, risk factors, maternal violence, health perception, prenatal classes, unintended pregnancy, caesarean birth, neonatal intensive care, maternal health policy, Canadian women
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Cesarean Section, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Labor, Obstetric, Obstetric Labor Complications, Maternal Age, Mothers, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Violence, Odds Ratio, Parturition, Pregnancy, Unplanned, Young Adult
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