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Cited by 91Maternal and Perinatal Health InterventionsMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumSexual function and dysfunction studies

Women’s psychosocial outcomes following an emergency caesarean section: A systematic literature review

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Benton, Madeleine, Salter, Amy, Tape, Nicole, Wilkinson, Chris, Turnbull, Deborah·2019·BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
DOI 10.1186/s12884-019-2687-7PMC PMC6937939
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Abstract

Background: Given the sudden and unexpected nature of an emergency caesarean section (EmCS) coupled with an increased risk of psychological distress, it is particularly important to understand the psychosocial outcomes for women. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify, collate and examine the evidence surrounding women’s psychosocial outcomes of EmCS worldwide. Methods: The electronic databases of EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO were searched between November 2017 and March 2018. To ensure articles were reflective of original and recently published research, the search criteria included peer-reviewed research articles published within the last 20 years (1998 to 2018). All study designs were included if they incorporated an examination of women’s psychosocial outcomes after EmCS. Due to inherent heterogeneity of study data, extraction and synthesis of both qualitative and quantitative data pertaining to key psychosocial outcomes were organised into coherent themes and analysis was attempted. Results: In total 17,189 articles were identified. Of these, 208 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. One hundred forty-nine articles were further excluded, resulting in the inclusion of 66 articles in the current systematic literature review. While meta-analyses were not possible due to the nature of the heterogeneity, key psychosocial outcomes identified that were negatively impacted by EmCS included post-traumatic stress, health-related quality of life, experiences, infant-feeding, satisfaction, and self-esteem. Post-traumatic stress was one of the most commonly examined psychosocial outcomes, with a strong consensus that EmCS contributes to both symptoms and diagnosis. Conclusions: EmCS was found to negatively impact several psychosocial outcomes for women in particular post-traumatic stress. While investment in technologies and clinical practice to minimise the number of EmCSs is crucial, further investigations are needed to develop effective strategies to prepare and support women who experience this type of birth.

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  • Women who undergo EmCS experience sudden physiological changes and high psychological stress reactions due to the intricacy, risks, and urgency.

    “Women who undergo EmCS experience sudden physiological changes and endure high psychological stress reactions due to the intricacy, risks, and urgency associated with this condition.”

    From The traumatic childbirth experience of mothers after emergency cesarean section(EmCS) in China: a descriptive qualitative study (2025) · cites this paper as [2]

    The Introduction describes EmCS as typically urgent and says its complexity and rapid psychological adjustments may be distressing. The Results (Key outcomes, Traumatic stress) report that EmCS contributes to post-traumatic stress symptoms. The paper does not describe sudden physiological changes in women undergoing EmCS; its reference to rapid changes concerns psychological adjustments. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Compared to elective cesarean section or natural birth, EmCS is more likely to be perceived as traumatic childbirth, which can subsequently lead to psychological trauma.

    “Compared to elective cesarean section or natural birth, EmCS is more likely to be perceived as traumatic childbirth, which can subsequently lead to psychological trauma [2–4].”

    From The traumatic childbirth experience of mothers after emergency cesarean section(EmCS) in China: a descriptive qualitative study (2025) · cites this paper as [2]

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Cited by

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Authors
Benton, M., Salter, A., Tape, N., Wilkinson, C., & Turnbull, D.
Affiliations
  • The University of Adelaide (AU)
  • Women's and Children's Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author
Benton, Madeleine
ORCID
Venue
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-12
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
535-535
ISSN
1471-2393 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12884-019-2687-7
PMC
PMC6937939
OpenAlex
W2997047863
Cited by
91
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4
FWCI
0.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Adelaide
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (1129648)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Keywords
emergency cesarean section, psychosocial outcomes, post-traumatic stress, health-related quality of life, infant feeding, patient satisfaction, self-esteem, maternal mental health, childbirth experience
MeSH terms
Adult, Cesarean Section, Emergency Treatment, Female, Humans, Postoperative Complications, Postoperative Period, Pregnancy, Quality of Life, Self Concept, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Postpartum Period, Young Adult

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