The epigenetic immunomodulator, HBI-8000, enhances the response and reverses resistance to checkpoint inhibitors
Open accessAbstract
Background: Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is effective against many cancer types. However, due in part to unresponsiveness or acquired resistance, not all patients experience a durable response to ICIs. HBI-8000 is a novel, orally bioavailable class I selective histone deacetylase inhibitor that directly modifies antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and resensitization to apoptotic stimuli in adult T cell lymphoma patients. We hypothesized that HBI-8000 functions as an epigenetic immunomodulator to reprogram the tumor microenvironment from immunologically cold (nonresponsive) to hot (responsive). Method: Mice bearing syngeneic tumors (MC38 and CT26 murine colon carcinoma and A20 B-cell lymphoma were treated daily with HBI-8000 (orally), alone or in combination with PD-1, PD-1 L, or CTLA-4 antibodies. MC38 tumors were also analyzed in nanoString gene expression analysis. Results: HBI-8000 augmented the activity of ICI antibodies targeting either PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA-4, and significantly increased tumor regression (p < 0.05) in the above models. Gene expression analysis of the treated MC38 tumors revealed significant changes in mRNA expression of immune checkpoints, with enhanced dendritic cell and antigen-presenting cell functions, and modulation of MHC class I and II molecules. Conclusions: These findings suggest that HBI-8000 mediates epigenetic modifications in the tumor microenvironment, leading to improved efficacy of ICIs, and provide strong rationale for combination therapies with ICIs and HBI-8000 in the clinical setting. Precis: As an HDACi, HBI-8000 plays an important role in priming the immune system in the tumor microenvironment. The current preclinical data further justifies testing combination of HBI-8000 and ICIs in the clinic.
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Several previous studies have demonstrated that inhibition of HDAC enzymes by less-selective compounds can lead to increases in antigen presentation, as well as changes to intratumoral T-cell populations.
“Several previous studies have demonstrated that inhibition of HDAC enzymes by less-selective compounds can lead to increases in antigen presentation, as well as changes to intratumoral T-cell populations (40–43).”
From TNG260 Is a Small-Molecule CoREST Inhibitor That Sensitizes <i>STK11</i> -Mutant Tumors to Anti–PD-1 Immunotherapy (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
The Results report increased expression of MHC genes relevant to antigen presentation after HBI-8000 treatment, and the Discussion reports increased CD8 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes when HBI-8000 was combined with checkpoint antibodies (page numbers unavailable). These findings support the general immune effects, but the paper identifies HBI-8000 as a class I-selective inhibitor; it does not establish the claim specifically for less-selective compounds. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPreclinically, entinostat and domatinostat have demonstrated immune-mediated antitumor effects.
“Preclinically, these molecules have also demonstrated immune-mediated antitumor effects (41, 42, 45).”
From TNG260 Is a Small-Molecule CoREST Inhibitor That Sensitizes <i>STK11</i> -Mutant Tumors to Anti–PD-1 Immunotherapy (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
HDAC inhibitor combined with α-PD-1/PD-L1 has shown a synergistic antitumor effect in murine tumor models.
“HDAC inhibitor combined with α-PD-1/PD-L1 has shown a synergistic antitumor effect in murine tumor models [329–331].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [331]
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- Authors
- Bissonnette, R. P., Cesario, R. M., Goodenow, B., Shojaei, F., & Gillings, M.
- Affiliations
- HUYABIO International, LLC (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shojaei, Farbod
- Venue
- BMC Cancer
- Published
- 2021-08-30
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 969-969
- ISSN
- 1471-2407 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8404302
- OpenAlex
- W3196329835
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
- Keywords
- histone deacetylase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1/PD-L1 axis, CTLA-4, immunotherapy resistance, tumor microenvironment, combination therapy, colon cancer, B-cell lymphoma, dendritic cell function, MHC class I and II expression, oral anticancer drugs
- MeSH terms
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Animals, Benzamides, Colonic Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Nude, Pyridines, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Apoptosis, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Epigenesis, Genetic, Cell Proliferation, Mice
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