Copper, zinc and iron levels in infants and their mothers during the first year of life: a prospective study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Essential micronutrients are important for maintenance of life. Deficiency of micronutrients is more likely to be encountered in children, and women studies are required to investigate the status of micronutrients in children and women. This study aimed to longitudinally evaluate changes in zinc, copper, and iron levels in breastfed infants and their mothers during the first year of life. METHODS: Serum and hair samples were obtained from 35 healthy breastfed infants (51% males, 49% females) and their mothers 2, 6, and 12 months after delivery. All of the samples were assessed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum iron levels were determined by a Roche/Hitachi/Modular analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-PC (Version 21.00) software. RESULTS: Hair zinc (p < 0.05) and serum iron (p < 0.001) levels of infants were significantly decreased towards the end of the first year. Infants' serum copper levels were increased towards the end of the first year. Maternal serum and hair copper levels and serum iron levels were significantly decreased towards the end of the first year. There were no significant correlations between dietary zinc, copper, iron intake, and trace element levels of infants and their mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Infants' hair zinc levels, maternal and infants' hair copper levels, and infants' and maternal serum iron levels declined towards the end of the first year. Infants need more zinc after 6 months of age. Infants' and mothers' daily iron intake was less than the recommended intake.
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Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in infants and preschool children in developing and low- to middle-income countries, and this age group is at the highest risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies.
“Nevertheless, micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in infants and preschool children in developing and low- to middle-income countries (e.g., [17,79,80,81,82]), and this age group is at the highest risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies [83].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [81]
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Güngör, D., Nadaud, P., Dreibelbis, C., LaPergola, C. C., Terry, N. L., Wong, Y. P., Abrams, S. A., Beker, L. T., Jacobovits, T., Järvinen, K. M., et al. (2019) · doi:10.52570/nesr.pb242018.sr0202
Never Versus Ever Feeding Human Milk and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review
Güngör, D., Nadaud, P., Dreibelbis, C., LaPergola, C. C., Terry, N. L., Wong, Y. P., Abrams, S. A., Beker, L. T., Jacobovits, T., Järvinen, K. M., et al. (2019) · doi:10.52570/nesr.pb242018.sr0201
Never Versus Ever Feeding Human Milk and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review
Güngör, D., Nadaud, P., Dreibelbis, C., LaPergola, C. C., Terry, N. L., Wong, Y. P., Abrams, S. A., Beker, L. T., Jacobovits, T., Järvinen, K. M., et al. (2019) · doi:10.52570/nesr.pb242018.sr0218
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Güngör, D., Nadaud, P., Dreibelbis, C., LaPergola, C. C., Terry, N. L., Wong, Y. P., Abrams, S. A., Beker, L. T., Jacobovits, T., Järvinen, K. M., et al. (2019) · doi:10.52570/nesr.pb242018.sr0209
Güngör, D., Nadaud, P., Dreibelbis, C., LaPergola, C. C., Terry, N. L., Wong, Y. P., Abrams, S. A., Beker, L. T., Jacobovits, T., Järvinen, K. M., et al. (2019) · doi:10.52570/nesr.pb242018.sr0221
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Güngör, D., Nadaud, P., Dreibelbis, C., LaPergola, C. C., Terry, N. L., Wong, Y. P., Abrams, S. A., Beker, L. T., Jacobovits, T., Järvinen, K. M., et al. (2019) · doi:10.52570/nesr.pb242018.sr0212
VALORES DE REFERENCIA DE ZINC Y COBRE EN NIÑOS APARENTEMENTE SANOS
Garcés, M. F., Hernández, C., Bustamante, Y., Patiño, Y., Rodríguez, B., Márquez, A., & Moreno, X. (2021) · ACTA CIENTIFICA DE LA SOCIEDAD VENEZOLANA DE BIOANALISTAS ESPECIALISTAS · doi:10.71034/svbe.2021.22.2.02
(2025) · American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610027700-ch19
Angelina, P. N., Abidin, Z., Arief, I. I., & Trivadila, T. (2025) · Brazilian journal of food technology/Brazilian Journal of Food Technology · doi:10.1590/1981-6723.12224
- Authors
- Özden, T. A., Gökçay, G., Cantez, M. S., Durmaz, Ö., İşsever, H., Ömer, B., & Saner, G.
- Affiliations
- Istanbul University (TR)
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Özden, Tülin Ayşe
- Venue
- BMC Pediatrics
- Published
- 2015-10-14
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 157-157
- ISSN
- 1471-2431 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4607105
- OpenAlex
- W1904213394
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- zinc, copper, iron, micronutrient status, breast-fed infants, maternal micronutrient status, hair trace elements, serum iron, first year of life, dietary intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Breast Feeding, Copper, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hair, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iron, Male, Milk, Human, Mothers, Prospective Studies, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Zinc, Micronutrients, Young Adult
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