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The two-year course of late-life depression; results from the Netherlands study of depression in older persons
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the course of depression during 2-year follow-up in a group clinically depressed older persons. Subsequently, we studied which socio-demographic and clinical characteristics predict a depression diagnoses at 2-year follow-up. METHODS: Data were used from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons (NESDO; N = 510). Diagnoses of depression DSM-IV-TR criteria were available from 285 patients at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Severity of the depressive symptoms, as assessed with the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS), was obtained from 6-monthly postal questionnaires. Information about socio-demographic and clinical variables was obtained from the baseline measurement. RESULT: From the 285 older persons who were clinically depressed at baseline almost half (48.4%) also suffered from a depressive disorder two years later. Patients with more severe depressive symptoms, comorbid dysthymia, younger age of onset and more chronic diseases were more likely to be depressed at 2-year follow-up. 61% of the persons that were depressed at baseline had a chronic course of depressive symptoms during these two years. CONCLUSIONS: Late-life depression often has a chronic course, even when treated conform current guidelines for older persons. Our results suggest that physical comorbidity may be candidate for adjusted and intensified treatment strategies of older depressed patients with chronic and complex pathology.
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![Figure 1 Course of depression (percentages). [Remission: at least the last two observations IDS score < 14; Intermittent: at least one of the observations IDS < 14 (not being the last two observations); Chronic depression, defined as all IDS scores > 14 and sub classified as: chronic mild to moderate depression, defined as all IDS scores between 14 and 26; chronic moderate to severe depression, defined as all IDS scores between 26 and 84; chronic depression with variable severity, defined as IDS scores varying between 14 to 84].](/paper-figures/3cef6723debe46aab071d484faab7eba/the-two-year-course-of-late-life-depression-results-from-the-netherlands-study-figure-1.jpg)
![Figure 2 Severity of depressive symptoms according to course during 2-year follow-up. [Remission: at least the last two observations IDS score < 14; Intermittent: at least one of the observations IDS < 14 (not being the last two observations); Chronic depression, defined as all IDS scores > 14 and sub classified as: chronic mild to moderate depression, defined as all IDS scores between 14 and 26; chronic moderate to severe depression, defined as all IDS scores between 26 and 84; chronic depression with variable severity, defined as IDS scores varying between 14 to 84].](/paper-figures/661796c74f554a4089fc4c6fbb45a400/the-two-year-course-of-late-life-depression-results-from-the-netherlands-study-figure-2.jpg)
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“The idiom 'thinking too much' denotes a broader mental health syndrome, with manifestations such as sadness, lack of motivation, poor concentration, sleep difficulties and irritability, perhaps similar to the construct of 'common mental disorders'. 112-117”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [115]
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Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,852
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Kangas, M., Korpelainen, R., Vikman, I., Nyberg, L., & Jämsä, T. J. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362720 · Cited by 19,007
The Epidemiology of Depression Across Cultures
Kessler, R. C., & Bromet, E. J. (2013) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409 · Cited by 2,657 · cited 1×
“Background Late-life depression is a complex mood disorder with various etiological pathways [1] and high comorbidity with psychiatric and physical diseases, and cognitive decline [2-5].”
BackgroundThe Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Psychometric properties
Rush, A. J., Gullion, C. M., Basco, M. R., Jarrett, R. B., & Trivedi, M. H. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700035558 · Cited by 2,177 · cited 1×
“Severity of the depressive symptoms was assessed with the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS) [27].”
MethodTRIVEDI, M. H., RUSH, A. J., IBRAHIM, H. M., CARMODY, T. J., BIGGS, M. M., SUPPES, T., CRISMON, M. L., SHORES-WILSON, K., TOPRAC, M. G., DENNEHY, E. B., et al. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703001107 · Cited by 968
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Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission
Herrman, H., Patel, V., Kieling, C., Berk, M., Buchweitz, C., Cuijpers, P., Furukawa, T. A., Kessler, R. C., Kohrt, B. A., Maj, M., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02141-3 · Cited by 1,104
Depression Among Older Adults: A 20-Year Update on Five Common Myths and Misconceptions
Haigh, E. A. P., Bogucki, O. E., Sigmon, S. T., & Blazer, D. G. (2017) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.011 · Cited by 345
As, B. A. L. V., Imbimbo, E., Franceschi, A., Menesini, E., & Nocentini, A. (2021) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610221000399 · Cited by 203
Kaster, T. S., Daskalakis, Z. J., Noda, Y., Knyahnytska, Y., Downar, J., Rajji, T. K., Levkovitz, Y., Zangen, A., Butters, M. A., Mulsant, B. H., et al. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0121-x · Cited by 174
Holvast, F., Burger, H., de Waal, M. M. W., van Marwijk, H. W. J., Comijs, H. C., & Verhaak, P. F. M. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.036 · Cited by 164
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Metadata
- Authors
- Comijs, H. C., Nieuwesteeg, J., Kok, R., van Marwijk, H. W., van der Mast, R. C., Naarding, P., Voshaar, R. C. O., Verhaak, P., de Waal, M. W., & Stek, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- GGZ inGeest (NL)
- Parnassia Groep (NL)
- GGNet (NL)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Comijs, Hannie C
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2015-02-12
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-20
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4329675
- OpenAlex
- W2059949121
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 17.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Fonds NutsOhra (0701-065, project 0701‐065)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- geriatric depression, course of depression, older adults, chronic depression, depression severity, dysthymia, age of onset, comorbidities, chronic physical illness, predictors of recurrence
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Recurrence, Comorbidity, Treatment Outcome, Dysthymic Disorder
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