Is meat consumption associated with depression? A meta-analysis of observational studies
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BACKGROUND: A number of epidemiological studies have examined the effect of meat consumption on depression. However, no conclusion has been reached. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between meat consumption and depression. METHODS: The electronic databases of PUBMED and EMBASE were searched up to March 2017, for observational studies that examined the relationship between meat consumption and depression. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of depression and the relative risk (RR) for the incidence of depression, as well as their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated respectively (the highest versus the lowest category of meat consumption). RESULTS: A total of eight observational studies (three cross-sectional, three cohort and two case-control studies) were included in this meta-analysis. Specifically, six studies were related to the prevalence of depression, and the overall multi-variable adjusted OR suggested no significant association between meat consumption and the prevalence of depression (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.22; P = 0.469). In contrast, for the three studies related to the incidence of depression, the overall multi-variable adjusted RR evidenced an association between meat consumption and a moderately higher incidence of depression (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.24; P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Meat consumption may be associated with a moderately higher risk of depression. However, it still warrants further studies to confirm such findings due to the limited number of prospective studies.
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Greater meat consumption is associated with heightened risk of depression (RR=1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24).
“and meat consumption was associated with heightened risk (n=3, RR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.24, I²=19.4%) 67”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Xie, M.-S., Ding, X., Li, H., Liu, Z.-C., & Peng, S.-F.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 409-409
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5745880
- OpenAlex
- W2777355992
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (2017zzts233)
- China Scholarship Council (201706370196)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- meat consumption, depression, depression prevalence, depression incidence, dietary factors
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Meat, Prospective Studies, Risk, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Observational Studies as Topic
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