Dietary intake of zinc was inversely associated with depression
Abstract
Depression is an important cause of morbidity, and World Health Organization has predicted that it will be the second leading contributor to the global burden of disease by 2020. Postgraduate students are at high risk for depression caused by the stress of examinations, the academic environment, and relationship problems with peers, lecturers, and family members. Physical inactivity, advancing age, unmarried status, and many other factors contribute to the development of depression in humans. Associations between symptoms of depression and the intake of nutrients such as magnesium have been investigated; however, the relationship between zinc intake and depression has not received as much attention. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between dietary intake of zinc and depression in postgraduate students. This study was conducted on 402 participants with a mean age of 32.54 ± 6.22 years, including 173 (43%) women and 229 (57%) men. In this study, we found an inverse relationship between dietary intake of zinc and depression. The results persisted even after we controlled for several potential confounding variables related to depression symptoms, including age, sex, years of education, smoking status (current and past), and physical activity. The results of this study show that long-term intake of zinc may modulate symptoms of depression.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Observational studies show an association between low zinc dietary intake or low zinc status and depression in adults or elderly subjects.
“Observational studies show an association between low zinc dietary intake or low zinc status and depression in adults or elderly subjects [189,190,191].”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [191]
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
WILLETT, W. C., SAMPSON, L., STAMPFER, M. J., ROSNER, B., BAIN, C., WITSCHI, J., HENNEKENS, C. H., & SPEIZER, F. E. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086 · Cited by 4,274 · see citing works
The neurobiology of zinc in health and disease
Frederickson, C. J., Koh, J., & Bush, A. I. (2005) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1671 · Cited by 1,841 · see citing works
Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students
Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., Golberstein, E., & Hefner, J. L. (2007) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.77.4.534 · Cited by 1,592 · see citing works
Bayram, N., & Bilgel, N. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
Evidence for a cytokine model of cognitive function
McAfoose, J., & Baune, B. T. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.10.005 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Prasad, A. S., Beck, F. W., Bao, B., Fitzgerald, J. T., Snell, D. C., Steinberg, J. D., & Cardozo, L. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.3.837 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Murray, C. J. L., & López, A. D. (1996) · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Modulation of inhibitory and excitatory amino acid receptor ion channels by zinc.
Smart, T., Xie, X., & Krishek, B. (1994) · Progress in neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(94)90082-5 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Bao, B., Prasad, A. S., Beck, F. W., Fitzgerald, J. T., Snell, D., Bao, G. W., Singh, T., & Cardozo, L. J. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28836 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Prospective reciprocal relations between physical activity and depression in female adolescents.
Jerstad, S. J., Boutelle, K. N., Ness, K. K., & Stice, E. M. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018793 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The NMDA Receptor as a Therapeutic Target in Major Depressive Disorder
Pittenger, C., Sanacora, G., & Krystal, J. H. (2007) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152707780363267 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Insight into zinc signaling from dietary zinc deficiency
Takeda, A., & Tamano, H. (2009) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.09.003 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Rosa, A. O., Lin, J. H. X., Calixto, J. Β., Santos, A. R. S., & Rodrigues, A. L. S. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00069-x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Szewczyk, B., Poleszak, E., Sowa-Kućma, M., Siwek, M., Dudek, D., Ryszewska-Pokraśniewicz, B., Radziwoń-Zaleska, M., Opoka, W., Czekaj, J., Pilc, A., et al. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Jacka, F. N., Øverland, S. N., Stewart, R. J., Tell, G. S., Bjelland, I., & Mykletun, A. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670802534408 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression in the first year of medical residency training
Peterlini, M., Tibério, I. D. F. L. C., Saadeh, A., Pereira, J. C. R., & Martins, M. A. (2002) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01104.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The involvement of serotonergic system in the antidepressant effect of zinc in the forced swim test
Szewczyk, B., Poleszak, E., Właź, P., Wróbel, A., Blicharska, E., Cichy, A., Dybała, M., Siwek, A., Pomierny-Chamioło, L., Piotrowska, A., et al. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.12.011 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Whittle, N., Lübec, G., & Singewald, N. (2008) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-008-0195-6 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Amani, R., Saeidi, S., Nazari, Z., & Nematpour, S. (2009) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-009-8572-x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Apoptosis Plays a Distinct Role in the Loss of Precursor Lymphocytes during Zinc Deficiency in Mice
King, L. E., Osati-Ashtiani, F., & Fraker, P. J. (2002) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/132.5.974 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Zinc Status and Immune System Relationship
Salgueiro, M. J., Zubillaga, M. B., LYSIONEK, A. E., Cremaschi, G., Goldman, C. G., Caro, R. A., Paoli, T. D., Hager, A., Weill, R., & Boccio, J. (2000) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1385/bter:76:3:193 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The role for vitamin B-6 as treatment for depression: a systematic review
Williams, A.-L., Cotter, A., Sabina, A. B., Girard, C., Goodman, J., & Katz, D. L. (2005) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmi040 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Food consumption pattern in the Islamic Republic of Iran and its relation to coronary heart disease
Kimiagar, S. M., Ghaffarpour, M., Houshiar Rad, A., Hormozdyari, H., & Zellipour, L. (1998) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/1998.4.3.539 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Depression and Its Correlates Among Older Adults Accessing Aging Services
Richardson, T. M., Friedman, B., Podgorski, C. A., Knox, K. L., Fisher, S. G., He, H., & Conwell, Y. (2011) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3182107e50 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tamano, H., Kan, F., Kawamura, M., Oku, N., & Takeda, A. (2009) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.05.011 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ethyl-eicosapentaenoate and dexamethasone resistance in therapy-refractory depression
Murck, H., Song, C., Horrobin, D. F., & Uhr, M. (2004) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145704004249 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Questionnaire Assessment of Antioxidants and Retinol Intakes in Mexican Women
Romieu, I., Parra‐Cabrera, S., Hernandez, J. F. M., Madrigal, H., Willett, W. C., & Hernández, M. (1999) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/s0188-0128(99)00017-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mental health literacy towards depression among non-medical students at a Malaysian university.
Khan, T. M., Sulaiman, S. A. S., & Hassali, M. A. (2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Zinc modulation of serotonin uptake in the adult rat corpus callosum
García‐Colunga, J., Reyes‐Haro, D., Godoy-García, I. U., & Miledi, R. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20421 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Contribution of diet and major depression to incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
Yary, T., Soleimannejad, K., Rahim, F. A., Kandiah, M., Aazami, S., Poor, S. J., Wee, W. T., & Aazami, G. (2010) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-9-133 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderweight the main cause of ill-health; five causes account for 28% of all DALYs.
Walgate, R. (2002) · PubMed · doi:10.1590/s0042-96862002001200019 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tardy, A.-L., Pouteau, E., Marquez, D., Yilmaz, C., & Scholey, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010228 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Dietary fiber and its associations with depression and inflammation
Swann, O. G., Kilpatrick, M., Breslin, M., & Oddy, W. H. (2020) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuz072 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Dietary zinc and iron intake and risk of depression: a meta-analysis
Li, Z., Li, B., Song, X., & Zhang, D. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.006 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Potential roles of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder
Swardfager, W., Herrmann, N., McIntyre, R. S., Mazereeuw, G., Goldberger, K., Cha, D. S., Schwartz, Y., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.018 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Vashum, K. P., McEvoy, M., Milton, A. H., McElduff, P., Hure, A., Byles, J., & Attia, J. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.016 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Is meat consumption associated with depression? A meta-analysis of observational studies
Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Xie, M.-S., Ding, X., Li, H., Liu, Z.-C., & Peng, S.-F. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1540-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Lehto, S. M., Ruusunen, A., Tolmunen, T., Voutilainen, S., Tuomainen, T.-P., & Kauhanen, J. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.027 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Yary, T. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/582693 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yary, T., & Aazami, S.
- Affiliations
- Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Yary, Teymoor
- Venue
- Biological Trace Element Research
- Published
- 2011-09-20
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 286-290
- ISSN
- 0163-4984 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0720
- OpenAlex
- W2058486567
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biological Trace Element Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Magnesium in Health and Disease
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- zinc intake, dietary zinc, depression, graduate students, depressive symptoms, trace elements, confounding variables
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Diet, Female, Humans, Male, Zinc
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review