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Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years)

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Carson, Valerie, Lee, Eun-Young, Hewitt, Lyndel, Jennings, Cally, Hunter, Stephen, Kuzik, Nicholas, Stearns, Jodie A., Unrau, Stephanie Powley, Poitras, Veronica J., Gray, Casey, Adamo, Kristi B., Janssen, Ian, Okely, Anthony D., Spence, John C., Timmons, Brian W., Sampson, Margaret, Tremblay, Mark S.·2017·BMC Public Health
DOI 10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Given the rapid development during the early years (0-4 years), an understanding of the health implications of physical activity is needed. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured physical activity and health indicators in the early years. METHODS: Electronic databases were originally searched in April, 2016. Included studies needed to be peer-reviewed, written in English or French, and meet a priori study criteria. The population was apparently healthy children aged 1 month to 59.99 months/4.99 years. The intervention/exposure was objectively and subjectively measured physical activity. The comparator was various volumes, durations, frequencies, patterns, types, and intensities of physical activity. The outcomes were health indicators ranked as critical (adiposity, motor development, psychosocial health, cognitive development, fitness) and important (bone and skeletal health, cardiometabolic health, and risks/harm). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to assess the quality of evidence for each health indicator by each study design. RESULTS: Ninety-six studies representing 71,291 unique participants from 36 countries were included. Physical activity interventions were consistently (>60% of studies) associated with improved motor and cognitive development, and psychosocial and cardiometabolic health. Across observational studies, physical activity was consistently associated with favourable motor development, fitness, and bone and skeletal health. For intensity, light- and moderate-intensity physical activity were not consistently associated with any health indicators, whereas moderate- to vigorous-intensity, vigorous-intensity, and total physical activity were consistently favourably associated with multiple health indicators. Across study designs, consistent favourable associations with health indicators were observed for a variety of types of physical activity, including active play, aerobic, dance, prone position (infants; ≤1 year), and structured/organized. Apart from ≥30 min/day of the prone position for infants, the most favourable frequency and duration of physical activity was unclear. However, more physical activity appeared better for health. Evidence ranged from "very low" to "high" quality. CONCLUSIONS: Specific types of physical activity, total physical activity, and physical activity of at least moderate- to vigorous-intensity were consistently favourably associated with multiple health indicators. The majority of evidence was in preschool-aged children (3-4 years). Findings will inform evidence-based guidelines.

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Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Carson, V., Lee, E.-Y., Hewitt, L., Jennings, C., Hunter, S., Kuzik, N., Stearns, J. A., Unrau, S. P., Poitras, V. J., Gray, C., Adamo, K. B., Janssen, I., Okely, A. D., Spence, J. C., Timmons, B. W., Sampson, M., & Tremblay, M. S.
Venue
BMC Public Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-11
Volume
17
Issue
S5
Pages
854-854
ISSN
1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0
OpenAlex
W2768589836
Cited by
783
References
15
FWCI
7.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2017-12-29)
Open access
gold

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This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0
The paper
Carson, V., Lee, E.-Y., Hewitt, L., Jennings, C., Hunter, S., Kuzik, N., Stearns, J. A., Unrau, S. P., Poitras, V. J., Gray, C., Adamo, K. B., Janssen, I., Okely, A. D., Spence, J. C., Timmons, B. W., Sampson, M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2017). Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4860-0

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.