Cited by 122Extracellular vesicles in diseaseMuscle Physiology and DisordersCaveolin-1 and cellular processes

Depleting extracellular vesicles from fetal bovine serum alters proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells in vitro

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Aswad, Hala, Jalabert, Audrey, Rome, Sophie·2016·BMC Biotechnology

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Fetal bovine serum (FBS) contains a wide range of growth factors, hormones, vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids and trace elements required for cell growth. It was shown that animal sera contain also extracellular vesicles (EVs) with important biological properties; thus we wondered whether EVs present in FBS would influence muscle cell phenotype. EVs were removed from sera by ultracentrifugation (18 h). C2C12, L6 and human primary myoblasts, were grown either in classical media (CM) or in EVs-depleted media. Differentiation was induced by replacing the culture medium either with CM or EV-depleted media. qRT-PCR of relevant genes and miRNA involved in proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism and EVs formation and secretion were performed. RESULTS: Growth of myoblasts in EV-free media during proliferation produces the most unfavorable situation for proper myotube formation, when considering C212 and human myoblasts. Removing EVs from serum committed myoblasts to differentiate precociously (induction of myogenin and decreased expression of myomiR involved in myogenesis). C2C12 and human myoblasts, grown constantly in EV-depleted media during proliferation and differentiation, formed less myotubes than in CM. They had a reduced level of myogenin and a strong increase in myostatin expression, a negative regulator of muscle cell differentiation that affects myotube size. This situation was not reversed when confluent myoblasts were switched to CM for differentiation. Like C2C12 and human cells, L6 formed less myotubes in EVs-depleted media. However, as they do not express myostatin, L6 myotubes were larger and expressed higher level of CKTM2 compared to myotubes grown in CM suggesting that they had reached a higher level of differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers studying the role of muscle EVs in culture conditions should consider that depleting EVs from serum alters the phenotype of muscle cells. Interestingly, the cross-talk between myoblasts and myotubes during myogenesis (Forterre 2014, PLoS One. 2014 Jan 2;9(1):e84153) can be recapitulate by using FBS-EVs as well. This implies that EVs can transfer specific signals to cells from unrelated species and that part of serum EV composition is evolutionarily conserved (e.g.; myomiR are detected in FBS-EVs). EVs in body fluids could have an unsuspected function during embryogenesis and in regulation of cellular processes such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia.

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  • Removing ELVs from bovine serum of cell culture affected C2C12 proliferation (decrease of Cyclin D1 and Sirt1 mRNA levels) and committed cells to differentiate prematurely (induction of myogenin mRNA before myoblast fusion).

    “Furthermore, it was found that removing ELVs from bovine serum of cell culture, affected C2C12 proliferation (i.e., decrease of Cyclin D1 and Sirt1 mRNA levels) and committed cells to differentiate prematurely (induction of myogenin mRNA before myoblast fusion) (Aswad et al., 2016).”

    From Skeletal Muscle-Released Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art (2019) · cites this paper as Aswad et al., 2016

  • ELVs in mammalian serum might have unsuspected functions during embryogenesis and in the regulation of cellular adaptations that lead to muscle hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia.

    “this result also suggests that ELVs in mammalian serum might have unsuspected functions during embryogenesis and in the regulation of cellular adaptations that lead to muscle hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia.”

    From Skeletal Muscle-Released Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art (2019) · cites this paper as Aswad et al., 2016

  • Bovine ELVs can transfer specific signals to cells from unrelated species (mice C2C12).

    “observations that bovine ELVs can transfer specific signals to cells from unrelated species (mice C2C12)”

    From Skeletal Muscle-Released Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art (2019) · cites this paper as Aswad et al., 2016

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Authors
Aswad, H., Jalabert, A., & Rome, S.
Affiliations
Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Rome, Sophie
Venue
BMC Biotechnology
Published
2016-04-02
Volume
16
Issue
1
Pages
32-32
ISSN
1472-6750 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2330714519
Cited by
122
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7
FWCI
3.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • BMC Biotechnology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
  • Université de Lyon
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
Keywords
extracellular vesicles, fetal bovine serum, myogenesis, myotube formation, myostatin, myogenin, myomiRs, muscle cell proliferation, C2C12 myoblasts, L6 cells, serum deprivation, cell culture media, intercellular communication, energy metabolism, growth factors
MeSH terms
Extracellular Vesicles, Animals, Cattle, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Culture Media, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Serum, Cell Proliferation

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